Working memory has assumed a prominent role as a primary neurocognitive deficit or endophenotype in extant models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study updated previous reviews and employed meta-analytic techniques to examine a broad range of moderating variables of effect size heterogeneity across phonological and visuospatial working memory tasks. Collectively,...

A meta-analysis of 153 studies with 15,990 participants was conducted to compare the magnitude of deficits upon tests of phonemic and semantic fluency for patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) relative to healthy controls. As has been found for patients with focal temporal cortical lesions (but not for patients with focal frontal cortical lesions), DAT patients were significantly...

We describe a form of amnesia, which we have called visual memory-deficit amnesia, that is caused by damage to areas of the visual system that store visual information. Because it is caused by a deficit in access to stored visual material and not by an impaired ability to encode or retrieve new material, it has the otherwise infrequent properties of a more severe retrograde than anterograde amn...

The aim of the present study is to compare pre- and postsurgical neuropsychological outcome in individuals suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), in order to evaluate prognosis. The selected thirty-five patients had medically mTLE and had undergone an anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Neuropsychological evaluation was performed in three different stages: before ATL, 6 months afte...

Two patients, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-confirmed relatively selective hippocampal damage, showed distinct patterns of performance on tests of recall, item recognition, and associative recognition. Patient AC showed a mean bilateral volume reduction of the hippocampus of 28%, but displayed no memory deficit. Both recall and recognition memory were unimpaired. In contrast, patient PR...

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of phosphodiesterase type 2 (PDE2) and type 10 (PDE10) inhibition on memory function in the object recognition task using the scopolamine- and MK-801-induced memory deficit model. The effects of the PDE2 inhibitor BAY 60-7550 and the PDE10 inhibitor PQ-10 on object recognition performance were investigated in the scopolamine (0.1mg/kg, i.p.)...

One of the major limitations in the use of genetically modified mice for studying cognitive functions is the lack of regional and temporal control of gene function. To overcome these limitations, a forebrain-specific promoter was combined with the tetracycline transactivator system to achieve both regional and temporal control of transgene expression. Expression of an activated calcium-independ...

Rush, James, "Working memory, emotion regulation, and effortful control levels in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." (2014).