Photoactivated advanced oxidation processes have excellent performance in removing recalcitrant pollutants from water. However, the high operating cost associated with energy consumption of UV lamps is a big drawback. In this work, design and optimization reflector tube-in-tube membrane photoreactor were carried out using ray tracing methodology to maximize light deployed reactor. Simulations d...

In this work two alternatives are presented for increasing the purity of hydrogen produced in a membrane reactor ammonia decomposition. It is experimentally demonstrated that either thickness selective layer or using small purification unit permeate membranes, ultra-pure can be produced. Specifically, results show above 6 μm obtained at pressures below 5 bar. A cheaper solution, however, consis...

Palladium-based catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs) effectively remove H₂ to induce higher conversions in methane steam reforming (MSR) and water-gas-shift reactions (WGS). Within such a context, this work evaluates the technical performance of a novel CMR, which utilizes two catalysts in series, rather than one. In the process system under consideration, the first catalyst, confined within the ...

Hydrogenotrophic methanogens can use gaseous substrates, such as H2 and CO2, in CH4 production. H2 gas is used to reduce CO2. We have successfully operated a hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (Hf-MBfR) for stable and continuous CH4 production from CO2 and H2. CO2 and H2 were diffused into the culture medium through the membrane without bubble formation in the Hf-MBfR, which was operated at ...

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) planctomycetes oxidize ammonium in the absence of molecular oxygen with nitrite as the electron acceptor. Although planctomycetes are generally assumed to lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls, recent genome data imply that the anammox bacteria have the genes necessary to synthesize peptidoglycan-like cell wall structures. In this study, we investigated t...

The enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) consists on a coupling of a membrane separation process with an enzymatic reaction. The selective membrane aims to separate the biocatalyst from the reaction products. The main objective of EMR is to ensure the complete rejection of the enzyme in order to maintain the full activity inside the reacting volume. Depending on the case, enzyme molecules may be fr...

The design and operation of a differential polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is described. The fuel cell design is based on coupled stirred tank reactors (STRs) coupled through a membrane; the gas phase in each reactor compartment is well mixed. The characteristic times for reactant flow, gas phase diffusion, and reaction were chosen so that the gas compositions at both the anode and...

This section contains details regarding the preparation of catalyst and membranes and further details on the experimental setup (including two photographs of the XRD-CT experimental setup), a comment relating to an artefact present within this XRD-CT, normalised summed intensity changes (as a companion to Figure 2), XRD-CT data focusing on the BCFZ membrane, a diffraction pattern to illustrate ...

Recently, there has been a growing interest in point of care devices capable of detecting nucleic acids in clinical and environmental samples. Nucleic acid detection requires, however, various sample preparation steps that complicate device operation. An attractive remedy is to integrate many, if not all, sample preparation operations and nucleic acid amplification into a single reaction chambe...

Conventional and modified membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are increasingly used in small-scale wastewater treatment. However, their widespread applications are hindered by their relatively high cost and operational complexity. In this study, we investigate a new concept of wastewater treatment using a nonwoven fabric filter bag (NFFB) as the membrane bioreactor. Activated sludge is charged in the n...