The mechanisms by which adrenal medulla grafts influence the function of host brains in animal models of Parkinson's disease are unclear. To explore this issue, fragments of adrenal medulla or sciatic nerve were transplanted into the lateral ventricle of bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-ADX rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra. Additional control grou...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is most frequently located in the supratentorial region of the brain. In this paper, we report the case of a 25-year-old man who presented with a heterogeneous tumor with exophytic features and located in the caudal fourth ventricle. The tumor was subtotally resected and the patient underwent radiotherapy at a dosage of 50 Gy and concurrent chemotherapy with temozo...

To test the hypothesis that renal tissue contains multiple distinct water channels, mRNA prepared from either cortex, medulla, or papilla of rat kidney was injected into Xenopus oocytes. The osmotic water permeability (Pf) of oocytes injected with either 50 nl of water or 50 nl of renal mRNA (1 microgram/microliter) was measured 4 d after the injection. Pf was calculated from the rate of volume...

Chronic metabolic acidosis induces dramatic increases in net acid excretion that are predominantly due to increases in urinary ammonia excretion. The current study examines whether this increase is associated with changes in the expression of the renal ammonia transporter family members, Rh B glycoprotein (Rhbg) and Rh C glycoprotein (Rhcg). Chronic metabolic acidosis was induced in Sprague-Daw...

OBJECTIVE The association between renal hypoxia and the development of renal injury is well established. However, no adequate method currently exists to non-invasively measure functional changes in renal oxygenation in normal and injured patients. METHOD R2* quantification was performed using renal blood oxygen level-dependent properties. Five healthy normotensive women (50 ± 5.3 years) under...

Although the concentrating process in the renal outer medulla is well understood, the concentrating mechanism in the renal inner medulla remains an enigma. The purposes of this review are fourfold. 1) We summarize a theoretical basis for classifying all possible steady-state inner medullary countercurrent concentrating mechanisms based on mass balance principles. 2) We review the major hypothes...

BACKGROUND Color vision requires comparison between photoreceptors that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. In Drosophila, this is achieved by the inner photoreceptors (R7 and R8) that contain different rhodopsins. Two types of comparisons can occur in fly color vision: between the R7 (UV sensitive) and R8 (blue- or green sensitive) photoreceptor cells within one ommatidium (unit e...

LEE, JAMES B., VERNON IS. VANCE, AND GEORGE F. CAHILL, JR. Metabolism of CWabeled substrates by rabbit kidney cortex and medulla. Am. J. Physiol. 203 (I): 27-36. I 962 .-Slices of rabbit kidney cortex and medulla were incubated for go min at 38 C in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing Cl4 labeled substrate. In addition to substrate disappearance and concentrations of glycogen and fatty a...

We have investigated prostaglandin biosynthesis by human renal medullary and cortical microsomes with arachidonic acid as substrate. Prostaglandins were measured by two independent methods, namely radiometric thin layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay. The relative abundance of various prostaglandins synthesized by microsomes was similar in cortex and medulla. In the absence of added cofact...

Recently, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown promising applications in targeted drug delivery and contrast imaging. Although in vitro cytotoxicity of GNPs has been thoroughly studied, there are limited data on in vivo toxicity of GNPs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intraperitoneally injected 10 nm and 50 nm GNPs (5 μg/animal) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β,...