introduction: the major resistance mechanisms of pseudomonas aeruginosa to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems are associated with the mutations in the genes gyra and oprd encoding type ii topoisomerases (dna gyrase) and oprd porin, respectively. method: in this cross-sectional study, sixty five clinical samples were collected from patients hospitalized in al-zahra hospital of isfahan, iran. susce...

The increased use of antibacterial and antifungal agents in recent years has resulted in the development of resistance to these drugs. The significant clinical implication of resistance has led to heightened interest in the study of antimicrobial resistance from different angles. Areas addressed include mechanisms underlying this resistance, improved methods to detect resistance when it occurs,...

abstract background and objective: it has been shown that oxidative stress increases in diabetes and it has an important role in its development and subsequent complications. thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute resistance exercise on oxidative stress in skeletal muscle and cardiac tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. materials and methods: twenty male ...

galbanic acid, a sesquiterpene coumarin from ferula szowitsiana , and conferol, another sesquiterpene coumarin from f. badrakema , were evaluated for their effects on the reversal of multi-drug resistance in clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli , respectively. neither galbanic acid (up to 1000 μg/ml) nor conferol (up to 400 μg/ml) by itself shows any antibacterial act...

antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon in which antibiotic used to treat bacteria becomes useless due to resistance mechanism. increased drug resistance and occurrence of multiple drug resistance in bacteria specificity nosocomial and urinary tract infection bacteria has reduced the possibilities of treating these infectious diseases. efflux pumps are one of the major mechanism of mdr in bacteri...