Sparse-partial wavelength conversion in WDM networks has been shown as a very efficient network architecture. We present a network analysis and network dimensioning approach for stochastic path requests based on a reduced load approximation. This model enables us to dimension the number of WDM-systems per link and the number of wavelength converters per node needed to guarantee a maximum blocki...

To date, high-power scaling of Tm:fiber lasers has been accomplished by maximizing the power from a single fiber aperture. In this work, we investigate power scaling by spectral beam combination of three linearly polarized Tm:fiber MOPA lasers using dielectric mirrors with a steep transition from highly reflective to highly transmissive that enable a minimum wavelength separation of 6 nm betwee...

Introduction: The lasing wavelength of a semiconductor laser inevitably changes with varying the operation temperature, which is, however, not desirable for applications requiring specific and stable light wavelength. Thus, laser diodes with wavelength insensitive to temperature are fascinating and can drastically ease the critical requirements on precise temperature control. The quantum dot (Q...

The scalability of routing protocol has been considered as a key issue in large–scaled wavelength routed networks. Hierarchical routing scales well by yielding enormous reductions in routing table length, but it also increases path length. This increased path length in wavelength–routed networks leads to increased blocking probability because longer paths tend to have less free wavelength chann...

Laser-incision is gaining recognition in the timber processing industry as a preferred and competitive technique for increasing uptake of chemical preservative treatments. This work details percussion Nd:YAG laser-incision Radiata Pine, conducted at different wavelengths, incident laser energies focal point positions. For first time, effect wood anatomy (latewood earlywood tissues) on efficienc...

This paper proposes the optimal design of lightpath Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks without wavelength conversion. We formulate RWA as a mixed Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem where the objective is to minimize the cost of wavelength assignment to the fiber links in the network. The Lagrangean relaxation technique and th...

Wavelength is one of the most important resources in Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM) networks. In optical routing, we are given a set of communication paths (or ligthpaths) in a WDM network and we must assign a wavelength to each path so that paths sharing a link must be assigned with different wavelengths. By properly choosing a set of nodes that are equipped with wavelength converters, ...

In 3D + time numerical simulations, we study the wavelength scaling law for energy of terahertz (THz) radiation emitted from a two-color femtosecond filament, which forms during cofocusing into air fundamental and second harmonics laser pulse. our central harmonic varied 0.8 to 8 μm aperture 0.006 0.03. While supercontinuum development are not extreme, so spectra clearly separated, generated TH...

We consider the problem of designing logical optical network topology for a given physical topology (or fiber layout) and a given traffic demand matrix between the end-users. Traffic between the end-users is carried in a packet-switched form and the objective of our logical topology design is to minimize the maximum congestion on the logical links in the logical topology. The logical links are ...