This e The original application for the circuit in Figure 1 was to check the number of revolutions of an engine with only one LED as an indicator. The measurement of the number of revolutions usually involves sensors with a frequency output proportional to the number of revolutions. The circuit compares the frequency output of such a sensor with a lower and upper limit and gives a visual result...

The paper describes an improvement of the chopper method for elimination of parasitic voltages in a low resistance comparison and measurement procedure. The basic circuit diagram along with a short description of the working principle are presented and the appropriate low resistance comparator prototype was designed and realized. Preliminary examinations confirm the possibility of measuring ext...

INTRODUCTION Because a comparison of noninitiators and initiators of treatment may be hopelessly confounded, guidelines for the conduct of observational research often recommend using an "active" comparator group consisting of people who initiate a treatment other than the medication of interest. In this paper, we discuss the conditions under which this approach is valid if the goal is to emula...

National Measurement Institutes have traditionally used bootstrapping or build-up techniques to determine the ac-dc difference of high-voltage thermal converters (HVTCs) in terms of the ac-dc difference of lower-voltage converters. We describe a method of determining the ac-dc difference of HVTCs that is independent of the build-up process. A description of the system and technique is given and...

Mometasone furoate, a potent glucocorticoid (class III) with a favorable benefit/risk ratio, has emerged as a standard medication for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. The purpose of the investigation presented here was to determine the noninferiority of a topical mometasone formulation, a light cream (O/W 60/40 emulsion) with mometasone furoate 0.1% (water content of 33%) versus ma...

To architecturally support the programming of safety related control applications in the graphical language function block diagram and the verification of such software meeting the requirements of Safety Integrity Level SIL 3, a dedicated, low complexity execution platform is presented. Its hardware is fault detecting to immediately initiate emergency shut-downs in case of malfunctions. With th...

A novel dynamic latched comparator with offset voltage compensation is presented. The proposed comparator uses one phase clock signal for its operation and can drive a larger capacitive load with complementary version of the regenerative output latch stage. As it provides a larger voltage gain up to 22 V/V to the regenerative latch, the inputreferred offset voltage of the latch is reduced and m...

A multibit analog-to-digital converter can achieve high resolution with a lower order modulator and lower oversampling ratio than a single-bit design. However, in a multibit modulator, quantization level errors in the internal multibit quantizer can limit the modulator’s signal-to-noise-and-distortion and spurious-free dynamic range. For a CMOS analog-to-digital converter using a flash analog-t...

A neuron-MOS transistor (νMOS) is applied to current-mode multi-valued logic (MVL) circuits. First, a novel low-voltage and low-power νMOS current mirror is presented. Then, a threshold detector and a quaternary T-gate using the proposed νMOS current mirrors are proposed. The minimum output voltage of the νMOS current mirror is decreased by VT (threshold voltage), compared with the conventional...

OBJECTIVE Determine the efficacy of a swallow preservation protocol (SPP) on maintaining swallow function in patients undergoing chemoradiation (CRT) or radiation therapy alone (RT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Veterans Affairs medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients treated with CRT or RT for HNSCC between Februa...