background : hexavalent chromium ( cr (vi)) is an important contaminant in surface and groundwater and its removal from contaminated water and wastewater has received interest in recent years. this study aimed to explain the removal process of cr (vi) from aqueous solution using nano hydroxyapatite (n-hap) as an adsorbent material. methods: cr (vi) removal experiments with the prepared n-hap we...

Abstract This paper investigates in-situ thermographic imaging of a CMP pad during polish to extract spatial endpoint uniformity and polish rate uniformity across the wafer. IR images of the pad contain subtle temperature gradients masked by noise, making endpoint detection difficult. Also effects such as slurry flow, head oscillation, camera angle, and a baseline temperature increase in the pa...

he use of bacteria as a tool for machining, also known as bioachining, is a novel material removal process. This study charcterizes the surface changes and relates the material removal ate to quantified bacterial concentrations resulting from machinng of pure polycrystalline Cu using the bacterium Acidithiobacilus ferrooxidans. Cu blocks, polished to four levels of surface oughness, were utiliz...

Background: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a well-established non-conventional machining process for the machining of electrically conductive and difficult-to-machine materials. But its applications are limited because of the slow machining rate and poor surface finish. Powder mixed EDM (PMEDM) is unitary of the recent progresses in the EDM process in which powder particles mixed in th...

The reaction of fly ash with a KOH solution was used to synthesize Linde F(K) zeolite, following which Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the crystalline material. The competitive adsorption of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd onto this zeolite was subsequently studied in quaternary solution systems. The results show that the metal removal rates gradually increase with incr...

correct selection of manufacturing condition is one of the most important aspects which should be considered in the majority of manufacturing processes,  particularly in the process related to advanced machining process like electrical discharge machining. in electrical discharge machining (edm), dielectric fluid plays an important role since machining characteristics are greatly influenced by ...

In this paper a methodology based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, for identifying the optimal parameters for machining a workpiece with a milling is presented. The time for machining, the material removal rate, and the feed rate were identified as the objectives to optimize. In addition, the proposal considered 4 constraints related to cutting tools, rotating speed of ...

In this work, the dry turning of Inconel 601 alloy in a environment with PVD-coated cutting inserts was studied. Turning performed at various speeds, feeds, insert shapes, corner radii, rake angles, and approach angles. After machining, arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra) flank wear (VB) were measured, material removal rate also calculated (MRR). An analysis variance (ANOVA) to determine eff...

in the present paper, the study has been made to optimize the process parameters during machining of Inconnel-600 by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) using response surface methodology (RSM). Four input process parameters of WEDM (namely Peak Current (IP), Pulse-On time (TON), Pulse-Off time (TOFF) and Wire Feed rate (WF)) were chosen as variables to study the process performance in t...