Dyad training, where trainees learn in pairs but ultimately perform individually, has been shown to be an effective method for training some skills. The effectiveness of this approach, however, may be tied to the type of task to be trained and the quality of the interaction in the dyad. We report two studies on the effectiveness of dyad training and the role of metacognitive activity for learni...

Cholesterol (Ch) is a major target for oxidative degradation in cell membranes, a process which can occur by two mechanisms: Type I (via free radicals) and Type II (mediated by 1O2). In the present work, several dyads have been synthesized from beta- and alpha-Ch and ketoprofen (KP) or tiaprofenic acid (TPA). Upon irradiation under anaerobic conditions, KP-alpha-Ch dyads were efficiently photol...

The aim of this study is to test the effects of dynamically scaffolding social regulation of middle school students working in a computer-based learning environment. Dyads in the scaffolding condition (N1⁄4 56) are supported with computer-generated scaffolds and students in the control condition (N1⁄4 54) do not receive scaffolds. The scaffolds are dynamically adjusted to dyads’ progress with a...

BACKGROUND Distress may be heightened among members of cancer patient-caregiver dyads that are mismatched on smoking status (either the patient or caregiver smokes, but the other does not), negatively affecting quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study was to examine associations between patient-caregiver smoking concordance, caregiver psychological adjustment, and caregiver and patient ...

OBJECTIVE To identify inter-individual examiner factors associated with interrater reliability in a summative communication OSCE in the 4th study year. METHODS The OSCE consists of 4 stations assessed with a 4-item 5-point global rating instrument. A bivariate secondary analysis of interrater reliability in relation to 4 examiner factors (gender, profession, OSCE experience, examiner training...

The relative importance of direct and indirect fitness and, thus, the role of kinship in the evolution of social behavior is much debated. Studying the genetic relatedness of interacting individuals is crucial to improving our understanding of these issues. Here, we used a seven-year data set to study the genetic structure of the Taiwan yuhina (Yuhina brunneciceps), a joint-nesting passerine. T...

The prospect of water wars and conflict over water are ideas that are frequently dramatized in media and also studied by scholars. It is well-established that bona fide wars are not started over water resources, but conflict over water does exist and is not well understood. One would suppose, as scholars often do, that dyads composed of two democratic nations would be the best at mitigating con...

A number of real-world search tasks (i.e. police search, detection of improvised explosive devices (IEDs)) require searchers to search exhaustively across open ground. In the present study, we simulated this problem by asking individuals (Experiments 1a and 1b) and dyads (Experiment 2) to search for coin targets pseudo-randomly located in a bounded area of open grassland terrain. In Experiment ...

In this study, the authors investigated the effect of an individual's political skill on the relationships between 5 different impression management tactics (intimidation, exemplification, ingratiation, self-promotion, and supplication) and supervisor evaluations of performance. To test these relationships, the authors used a matched sample of 173 supervisor-subordinate dyads who worked full ti...

OBJECTIVES The study examined the early interaction between mothers and their infants with cleft lip, assessing the role of maternal affective state and expressiveness and differences in infant temperament. METHODS Mother-infant interactions were assessed in 25 2-month-old infants with cleft lip and 25 age-matched healthy infants. Self-report and behavioral observations were used to assess ma...