The rate of learning patred<*dje6tive lists is unrelated to iatertriai intervals up to 2 mm. when lists are ttted at a 2:2«tec. rare, i.e., 2 sec. the stimulus aloae and 2 see for the stimulus and response appearing -together (t). With materials of tew meaaiagfultiess the data ake somewhat contradictory. la one study Hovlaad (4) found that a 2-mie. rest alter each trial resulted iu no faster le...

Functional optical imaging showed that odor or electric shock stimuli presented to the fly causes transient calcium influx into the two major axon branches of a/b mushroom body (MB) neurons. One pairing of odor and electric shock stimuli or multiple, massed pairings did not alter odor-evoked calcium influx. In contrast, animals that received multiple, spaced pairings exhibited a robust increase...

Statistical learning (SL) refers to the ability to extract statistical regularities from the environment. Many researchers believe that SL arises as a consequence of the way that information is stored and accessed in memory (Thiessen, Kronstein, & Hufnagle, 2013). Accordingly, manipulations that influence memory should have similar effects in SL experiments. In the current study, participants w...

In this paper, optimal design of arch dams is performed under frequency limitations. Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO), a recently developed meta-heuristic optimization method, which has been successfully applied to several structural problems, is revised and utilized for finding the best feasible shape of arch dams. The formulation of CBO is derived from one-dimensional collisions between bo...

The goal of this study was to test a new technique for assessing vocabulary development. This technique is based on an algorithm for scoring the accuracy of word definitions using a continuous scale (Collins-Thompson & Callan, 2007). In an experiment with adult learners, target words were presented in six different sentence contexts, and the number of informative versus misleading contexts was ...

The polarized nature of neurons and the size and density of synapses complicates the manipulation and visualization of cell biological processes that control synaptic function. Here we developed a microfluidic local perfusion (microLP) chamber to access and manipulate synaptic regions and presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments in vitro. This chamber directs the formation of synapses in >100 ...

Previously viewing a face typically leads to a decrease in the amount of time taken to later identify it (‘repetition priming’). Five repetition priming experiments are reported, which investigate whether multiple presentations of a face increase the amount of repetition priming. The results demonstrate similar amounts of priming from massed multiple presentations of the same face or a series o...

in England. The course thus adopted cut short the rather animated discussions of the Home papers on the subject, and for the present the question as to the best means, direct and indirect, of protecting the soldier from the effects of unavoidable exposure to heat is left in the stage of theory. Under these circumstances Indian experiences might reasonably be expected to afford a clue to the pre...

The spacing of a fixed amount of study time across multiple sessions usually increases subsequent test performance*a finding known as the spacing effect. In the spacing experiment reported here, subjects completed multiple learning trials, and each included a study phase and a test. Once a subject achieved a perfect test, the remaining learning trials within that session comprised what is known...

Improvements in motor sequence performance have been observed after a delay involving sleep. This finding has been taken as evidence for an active sleep consolidation process that enhances subsequent performance. In a review of this literature, however, the authors observed 4 aspects of data analyses and experimental design that could lead to improved performance on the test in the absence of a...