Land use change is one of the most important scientific research themes in the field of global environmental change. Due to the presence of uncertainty and randomness in the real world, it is difficult to simulate land use change exactly. To address the spatial uncertainty and temporal randomness in land use change, we propose a model for simulating land use change based on Markov chain and cel...

the present study aims to simulate the spatial pattern of land use change in lisar protected area,iran. land cover maps for 1989, 2000, and 2007 were depicted using tm, etm+, and irs liss-iii images ofthe area at stake. images were classified using a merge of unsupervised and supervised classification. camarkov model was used to predict land cover maps as a top-down approach in investigating la...

Urban expansion is considered as one of the most important problems in several developing countries. Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) is the urbanized and agglomerated area of Bangkok Metropolis (BM) and its vicinity, which confronts the expansion problem from the center of the city. Landsat images of 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2011 were used to detect the land use and land cover (LULC)...

We introduce a family of generalized-method-of-moments estimators of the parameters of a continuous-time Markov process observed at random time intervals. The results include strong consistency, asymptotic normality, and a characterization of standard errors. Sampling is at an arrival intensity that is allowed to depend on the underlying Markov process and on the parameter vector to be estimate...

This study utilised multi-year data from 5354 incidents to predict pedestrian–road traffic accidents (PTAs) based on twelve socioeconomic and built-environment factors. The research employed the logistic regression model (LRM) fuzzy-analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) techniques evaluate assign weights each factor. susceptibility map for PTAs is generated using “Technique Order of Preference by...

Multilingual generation is becoming an increasingly important aspect of implemented systems that showcase the abilities of generation systems. Most such systems require multiple grammars, one for each language which must be deployed. Yet little is known about the development costs for additional languages which are developed not from scratch, but by adapting existing resources. We ported a stan...

For augmented fluoroscopy during cardiac ablation, a preoperatively acquired 3D model of a patient's left atrium (LA) can be registered to X-ray images recorded during a contrast agent (CA) injection. An automatic registration method that works also for small amounts of CA is desired. We propose two similarity measures: The first focuses on edges of the patient anatomy. The second computes a co...

This paper proposed segmentized clear channel assessment (CCA) which increases the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 networks by improving carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). Improving CSMA/CA is important because the low-power consumption feature and throughput performance of IEEE 802.15.4 are greatly affected by CSMA/CA behavior. To improve the performance of CSMA/CA,...

aim : this study evaluated the results and efficacy of serum ca 19-9 in determining the nature of a pancreatic solid mass in patients referred for investigation of possible malignancy. background : a wide variety of tumor markers have been proposed for pancreatic cancer but currently the only one with any practical usefulness for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment is “ca 19-9 ”. ...