This article details an investigation into onscreen marking (OSM) in Hong Kong — where paper-based marking (PBM) is being phased out, to be completely superseded by OSM. It is a specific follow-up to a larger study (Coniam, 2009a) involving 30 raters who had previously rated English language essay scripts on screen in the 2007 Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE). In that stud...

In this paper we discuss the problem of estimating the marking of a Place/Transition net based on event observation. We assume that the net structure is known while the initial marking is totally or partially unknown. We give algorithms to compute a marking estimate that is a lower bound of the actual marking. The special structure of Petri nets allows us to use a simple linear algebraic formal...

Differentiated services architecture is receiving wide attention as a framework for providing different levels of service in the Internet. Current architecture allows customers to mark their packets and the network provider to check them for conformance to service contracts. This paper looks at the problem of achieving speci®c QoS goals of individual ̄ows by ̄exibly managing resources available...

Semi-automatic parking system is a driver convenience system automating steering control required during parking operation. This paper proposes novel monocular-vision based target parking-slot recognition by recognizing parking-slot markings when driver designates a seed-point inside the target parking-slot with touch screen. Proposed method compensates the distortion of fisheye lens and constr...

ISBN 0-7803-9850-5 /$10.00  2002 IEEE Page 326 Abstract--Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks consume the resources of remote hosts and the network in terms of buffers, processing power, and connections, thus denying or degrading the Internet services to legitimate users. Managed security service (MSS) has been developed to provide better network performance in addition to protect customers from be...

Case marking is the major cue to sentence interpretation in Japanese, whereas animacy and word order are much weaker. However, when subjects and their cases markers are omitted, Japanese honorific and humble verbs can provide information that compensates for the missing case role markers. This study examined the usage of honorific and humble verbs as cues to case role assignment by Japanese nat...

1. INTRODUCTION. Sinhala, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Sri Lanka by approximately 13 million people, has a complicated system of nominal morphology. Number marking on nouns in the nominative case is based on a series of twelve noun classes partially determined by animacy. The marking of definiteness and case on nouns is simpler in some respects because the shape of these markers are determi...

Recently, denial-of-service (DoS) attack has become a pressing problem due to the lack of an efficient method to locate the real attackers and ease of launching an attack with readily available source codes on the Internet. Traceback is a subtle scheme to tackle DoS attacks. Probabilistic packet marking (PPM) is a new way for practical IP traceback. Although PPM enables a victim to pinpoint the...

BACKGROUND Surgical site infections have been caused by gentian violet (GV) marking solutions that were contaminated with Mycobaterium chelonae. GV solution is also used in surgery to mark surgical sites. It is commercially available as a solution that may not have been prepared under sterile conditions. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to describe a skin marking method that is sterile, effective, ...