This paper summarises the standard account of the economic calculation debate, the modern Austrian reinterpretation of the debate based on the centrality of tacit knowledge and discovery, and a neglected third strand in the historical debate, Dobb's insistence on the uncertainty associated with atomistic decision making and the need for ex ante planning. It then draws some lessons for socialist...

#no abstract#

Over the past 5 years, Hungary has experienced one of the most remarkable market successes in a key energy-efficiency technology: compact fluorescent lighting. While market shares of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) were negligible half a decade ago, today residential CFL market penetration exceeds that in many industrialised economies, ranking Hungary among the eight countries in Europe with t...

Customers and consumers are the necessities for the survival of industries and organizations. Trying to improve the process in order to increase consumer satisfaction is the most important aim. The survival of an organization depends on its ability to continue the activities in compliance with the demands of customers to meet their legitimate needs. An organization is successful when it exactly...

The optimum use of the upstream resources, production corresponding to the market demands, and structural constraints for the optimum production with the less wastes during the most rapid time required by the market which finally result in the more profit for the shareholders are considered as the major objectives of this research. In this research, for the purpose of increasing the efficiency ...

Market power, defined as the ability to raise prices above competitive levels profitably, continues be a prime concern in restructured electricity markets. power must mitigated improve market performance and avoid inefficient generation investment, price volatility, overpayment systems. For this reason, involving transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem is essential for ensuring efficient ...

Over the past five years, Intelligent Automation Inc. (IAI) and its partners have been developing a unique, agent-based approach to online optimization that is intended for use in complex, large-scale systems operating in uncertain, dynamic environments. This approach involves a fundamental shift in paradigms, away from horizontally decomposed and logically distinct planning, scheduling and exe...