in surrogate pregnancies genetic parents have little opportunity for early bonding with their infants either prenatally (in utero) or during the immediate postnatal period. procedures commonly used to induce lactation include both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods often in combination. studies reporting induced lactation are sparse due to the rarity of augmented lactation. here we repo...

A fundamental problem of distributed systems, leader election, is presented in the context of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In many distributed systems, the presence of a leader is necessary in order to monitor underlying computations, guarantee quality functioning, take checkpoints, generate the lost token, detect quiescence conditions, etc. Hence, several leader election algorithms have be...

Since reconciliation was first described more than 20 years ago, a large number of postconflict behaviors have been observed among females in many polygynous primate species. However, few studies have been conducted among males, perhaps due to the rarity with which they maintain friendly relationships with one another and their aggressive competition for resources. Although this is true for man...

The present research investigated the relationship between leader self-definition processes and leader self-serving behaviors. We hypothesized that self-definition as a leader interacts with social reference information (descriptive and injunctive) in predicting leader self-serving actions. Six studies (i.e., two laboratory experiments, two scenario experiments, and two crosssectional surveys) ...

Recent studies on leishmania enriettii tubulin mRNAs revealed a 35 nucleotide addition to their 5' end. The gene that codes for this 35 nucleotide leader sequence has now been cloned and sequenced. In the Leishmania genome, the spliced leader gene exists as a tandem repeat of 438 bases. There are approximately 150 copies of this gene comprising 0.1% of the parasite genome. This gene codes for a...

Many tasks executed in dynamic distributed systems, such as sensor networks or enterprise environments with bring-your-owndevice policy, require central coordination by a leader node. In the past it has been proven that distributed leader election in dynamic environments with constant changes and asynchronous communication is not possible. Thus, state-of-the-art leader election algorithms are n...

A look at current emotion research in film studies, a field that has been thriving for over three decades, reveals limitations: (1) Film scholars concentrate strongly on restricted set of garden-variety emotions—some emotions are therefore neglected. (2) Their understanding standard is often too monolithic—some subtypes these consequently overlooked. (3) The range existing terms does not seem f...