INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is a major complication after cardiovascular surgery, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diuretic agents are frequently used to improve urine output and to facilitate fluid management in these patients. Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, is used in the perioperative setting in the belief that it exerts reno-protective properties. In...

objective(s): it has been suggested that the efficiency of dry poder inhaler (dpi) is generally low. therefore, the aim of the present research work was to use the solvent treatment of the carrier in dpiformulations to see the possibility of inducing desirable characteristics.   materials and methods: lactose sieve fractions of 63-90 μm were submerged in ethanol or 80% v/v ethanol, methanol or ...

Mannitol dehydrogenase (MtDH) is a key enzyme controlling the reductive synthesis of mannitol from fructose in the common mushroom Agaricus bisporus. A better understanding of the control of mannitol metabolism can be obtained by studying the structure of this enzyme. Here, the purification and crystallization of recombinant MtDH are reported. Crystals generally belonged to the space group C2, ...

1. Free water clearances were measured during infusion of hypotonic saline, glucose, urea, and mannitol in Brattleboro rats. For each solute the free water clearances were plotted using either V or (C(H2O) + C(Na)) as the distal tubular delivery term.2. In all cases the use of (C(H2O) + C(Na)) as distal delivery term yielded a steeper relationship than when V was used. There were no significant...

Examination of four species of aphid and four of whitefly showed that mannitol was present in each species of aphid, while sorbitol was present in the whitefly species. In the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, the total body content of mannitol was considerably higher at noon than during the early morning. A similar increase in the sorbitol content of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argenti...

The release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) is crucial for body fluid homeostasis. The MNC activity is modulated by synaptic inputs and humoral factors. A recent study demonstrated that an N-terminal splice variant of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is essential for osmosensory transductio...