This paper proposes an inverse kinematic model for deformable robots made entirely of electro-active polymer gel. The required method is to control higher degrees of freedom than numbers of input. We have been proposed a kinematic and dynamic model of electro-active polymer system and derived a variety of motions of gel robots by applying spatially varying electric fields. However, inverse kine...

A new two-dimensional NMR experiment is described which is suitable for obtaining magic angle spinning (MAS) scalar correlation spectra in solids. The new experiment has several advantages, including increased cross peak intensities, coupled with good suppression of the diagonal. Its utility is demonstrated via assignments of the carbon-13 MAS spectra of progesterone at natural abundance and of...

1. Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can non-invasively and non-destructively probe the magnetization of hydrogen atoms on water molecules in large objects with a high spatial resolution, and in three dimensions. This unique combination of properties is exploited in polymer gel dosimetry since original gel dosimeters, in which viscosity changes were measured and related to the absor...

Conventional gel electrodes are widely used for biopotential measurements, despite important drawbacks such as skin irritation, long set-up time and uncomfortable removal. Recently introduced dry electrodes with rigid metal pins overcome most of these problems; however, their rigidity causes discomfort and pain. This paper presents dry electrodes offering high user comfort, since they are fabri...

The BANG polymer gel dosimeter was used to evaluate 3D absorbed dose distributions in tissue delivered with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery systems. We compared dose distributions calculated with Leksell GammaPlan (LGP) treatment-planning software with dose distributions measured with the polymer gel dosimeter for single-shot irradiations. Head-sized spherical glass vessels filled with th...

Supramolecular hydrogels are composed of self-assembled solid networks that restrict the flow of water. l-Phenylalanine is the smallest molecule reported to date to form gel networks in water, and it is of particular interest due to its crystalline gel state. Single and multi-component hydrogels of l-phenylalanine are used herein as model materials to develop an NMR-based analytical approach to...

We report x-ray scattering, rheological, and freeze-fracture and polarizing microscopy studies of a liquid crystalline hydrogel called Lalpha,g. The hydrogel, found in DMPC, pentanol, water, and PEG-DMPE mixtures, differs from traditional hydrogels, which require high MW polymer, are disordered, and gel only at polymer concentrations exceeding an "overlap" concentration. In contrast, the Lalpha...

Background: Radiation-sensitive polymer gels are among the most promising three-dimensional dose verification tools and tissue-like phantom developed to date.Objective: The aim of this study is an investigating of percentage depth dose enhancement within the gel medium with used of conformal distribution gold nanoparticle as contrast agents by high atomic number material.Methods: In this work t...

For any non-trivial abelian group A under addition a graph $G$ is said to be $A$-textit{magic}  if there exists a labeling $f:E(G) rightarrow A-{0}$ such that, the vertex labeling $f^+$  defined as $f^+(v) = sum f(uv)$ taken over all edges $uv$ incident at $v$ is a constant. An $A$-textit{magic} graph $G$ is said to be $Z_k$-magic graph if the group $A$ is $Z_k$  the group of integers modulo $k...

In this study, synthetic sulfonated polymers were used in order to enhance the rheological properties of drilling fluids. The capability of these polymers in reducing the effects of environmentally friendly, but harmful, pollutants such as cement, calcium chloride, gypsum as well as pH changes were investigated. In the present work, two sulfonated synthetic polymers, namely Polythin and Polydri...