Our research contributes a new point of view on China’s rare earth dynamic risk spillover measurement; this was performed by combining complex network and multivariate nonlinear Granger causality to construct the time-varying connectedness analyze formation mechanism using impulse response. First, our empirical found that for characteristics market, due instability, uncertainty, geopolitical de...

The semantics of the times macro is given in [2] only for the case when the body of the macro is parahalting. We remedy this by defining a new times macro instruction in terms of while (see [9, 13]). The semantics of the new times macro is given in a way analogous to the semantics of while macros. The new times uses an anonymous variable to control the number of its executions. We present two e...

We develop a syntax-independent rule-based specification in a set-theoretical framework. The reactants of rules are usually defined as partially defined objects, called patterns, to denote that we can apply a reaction by substituting a pattern with any species that contains the context described by the pattern. We choose a very general data structure to represent the patterns: we write a patter...

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This paper provides an account of the origins and structure of the Finnish system of financial regulations which was prevalent in the post-war decades until the deregulation of the 1980s. Despite considerable macroeconomic volatility, the banking sector in Finland was remarkably stable. There were no significant bank failures over this period of more than 40 years, and credit losses were of no ...

In this case report, an 18 years old female subject with incidentally detected thyroid stimulating hormon (TSH) elevation due to macro-TSH without clinical findings of thyroid disorder was defined. Initially, the laboratory investigations revealed high TSH [11.45 μIU/mL; normal reference interval (NRI: 0.50-5.50 μIU/mL)] with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method. When L-thyroxine...

The articles [22], [14], [25], [15], [1], [20], [3], [4], [16], [26], [11], [13], [12], [5], [6], [21], [9], [8], [10], [2], [7], [18], [23], [19], [24], and [17] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. For simplicity, we adopt the following convention: x, y, X are sets, m, n are natural numbers, O is an ordinal number, and R, S are binary relations. Let D be a set, let f be a part...

In order to deal with unexpected or illegal behavior in multi-agent systems, underlying causal models connecting the target system's behavior and each agent's behavior are indispensable. In this paper, we present a method for generating causal networks, which consist of arithmetic and di erential relations for explicitly de ned parameters and implicitly existing parameters embedded in the targe...