coriandrum sativum l. is one of the most important plants compared to the other herbs and medicinal plants as a planted covered area in kermanshah province. for a suitable irrigation management programming, the awareness of crop coefficient and water requirement in different plant stages is essential. the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to reference crop evapotranspiration is defined as crop...

This study analyzed the effect of lightweight aggregates made fly ash from sewage-sludge thermal treatment (FASSTT LWA) on effectiveness phosphorus removal wastewater in vertical constructed wetlands (CWs), depending FASSTT LWA content CW filling and hydraulic loading rate. It was performed over 13 weeks using 15 lysimeters prepared as double-layer systems. An upper layer above gravel with diff...

We compared wheat yield, losses of nitrogen (N) in leaching, and gaseous as nitrous oxide (N2O) silt sand soil lysimeters. The studied cultivation systems were based on mineral fertilizer or together with clover green manure mulched at three different time points (August, October May) before sowing the main crop (either winter spring wheat). Replacing 50–60% N from a mixture species did not com...

In a 3-year lysimeter experiment we investigated how young trees of Quercus robur, Q. petraea and Q. pubescens, growing either on acidic loamy sand or calcareous sandy loam, responded to an elevation in air temperature by 1-2°C and drought periods lasting several weeks. As intended, the water potentials were clearly lower in drought-treated soil than in the control treatment. Decreased evapotra...

As compared with mineral soils, there are few in situ measurements of the unsaturated hydraulic properties of peat soils available. We used parameter estimation (inverse) methods to estimate the water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions of drained peat soils from both laboratory and field data. The laboratory data were obtained on small cores using the traditional evaporation method,...