Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first key enzyme of the phenypropanoid pathway. A full-length cDNA of PAL gene was isolated from Juglans regia for the first time, and designated as JrPAL. The full-length cDNA of the JrPAL gene contained a 1935bp open reading frame encoding a 645-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of about 70.4 kD and isoelectric point (pI) of 6.7. Th...

Pyruvate formate-lyase (EC 2.3.1.54) from Streptococcus mutans strain JC2 was purified in an anaerobic glove box, giving a single band on disk and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. This enzyme was immediately inactivated by exposure to the air. Enzyme activity was unstable even when stored anaerobically, but the activity was restored by preincubating the inactivated crude enzyme with S-ad...

Phenylketonuria (PKU), a Mendelian autosomal recessive phenotype (OMIM 261600), is an inborn error of metabolism causing impaired postnatal cognitive development in the absence of treatment. We used the Pah(enu2/enu2) PKU mouse model to study oral enzyme substitution therapy with various chemically modified formulations of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (Av-p.C503S/p.C565S/p.F18A PAL). In vivo stu...

The dehydroalanine present in histidine ammonia lyase is essential for the activity of this enzyme, and may be at the active site. This was shown by recovery of 3H-alanine4 and loss of activity on reduction of the enzyme with NaBaH4, and by protection of both reduction and inactivation by histidine. Since several pyruvate-containing enzymes have been described recently (1P17), it is important t...

This work evaluated the effect of drought stress on seedling growth, protein, soluble sugars, and phenolic compounds of two cultivars of canola (RGS003 and Sarigol). Drought stress was induced with polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 0, 5, 10, and 15%. Drought stress increased root fresh weight in both cultivars and the effect of drought was more pronounced in RGS003. Shoot fresh weight reduced in Sar...

OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative and aerobic rod bacterium that displays mucoid and non-mucoid phenotype. Mucoid strains secrete alginate, which is the main agent of biofilms in chronic P. aeruginosa infections, show high resistance to antibiotics; consequently, the biological disruption of mucoid P. aeruginosa biofilms is an attractive area of study for researchers. Alginat...

In vitro grown cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) seedlings exposed to excess molybdenum (Mo) ions exhibited severely reduced plant growth at the cotyledonary stage. Adding 80 mM proline (Pro) to the Mo-treated medium could help 50% seedlings to overcome the toxicity and grow true leaves. Under excess Mo stress, seedlings accumulated blue/purple anthocyanin in their cotyledons and hypoco...

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first step key enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which played an essential role in plant anthocyanin accumulation. Five PAL family gene members were identified radish ( Raphanus sativus  L.) genome name RsPAL1~5. Specific primers designed to amplify open reading frame red ‘Hongxin No.1’ and then sequenced. Real-time PCR was used a...

Previously, a purification procedure for citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6) of Rhodopseudomonas gelathosa has been described [l] which because of the instability of the enzyme in some purification steps and of the low yields is not suited for the preparation of large amounts of citrate lyase. In connection with studies on the enzymes which modify citrate lyase by acetylation or deacetylation [2,3] it w...