15 Introduction 16 The application of radiofrequency energy (RFE) has become widespread for 17 surgical performed chondroplasty especially due to the estimated sealing 18 effect. But safety for procedures in the wrist remains obscure. The purpose of 19 this study was to investigate the subchondral temperature during 20 radiofrequency energy (RFE) application simulating chondroplasty in an 21 ar...

INTRODUCTION Lunate fracture is a rare injury. Most reports are associated with other wrist injuries such as perilunate dislocation and distal radius fracture. Isolated lunate fracture has been reported even more rarely. The choice of treatment and outcomes are consequently undetermined. CASE PRESENTATION In this case report we will describe a lunate avulsion fracture as an isolated injury af...

BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to compare simple radiographic findings and clinical results according to residual ulnar variance following ulnar shortening for ulnar impaction syndrome. METHODS Forty-five cases of ulnar impaction syndrome, which were treated with ulnar shortening from 2005 to 2008, were studied retrospectively. Group I included 13 cases with positive residual variance ...

Six recessive lethal mutants of Anopheles albimanus are described. Homozygotes for three of the autosomal mutants, viz., bar eye, dot eye and hairy, die during the last larval or early pupal stages; complete linkage data are lacking for bar eye and hairy but dot eye is tightly linked to red eye on the right arm of chromosome 2. Larval and pupal mortality is high for homozygotes of the other two...

Background Treating chronic scapholunate ligament injuries without the presence of arthritis remains an unsolved clinical problem facing wrist surgeons. This article highlights a technique for reconstructing the scapholunate ligament using novel fixation, the ScaphoLunate Axis Method (SLAM). Materials and Methods In a preliminary review of the early experience of this technique, 13 patients wer...

Since Dart’s analysis of the Taung skull in1925 in Nature, there has been controversy surrounding the presence of a clearly defined lunate sulcus (LS) in the australopithecines, marking the anterior extent of primary visual cortex (PVC). An anterior position signifies that the LS is in an ape-like position, such as found in Pan troglodytes. A posterior position is a more human-like characterist...

Hand and wrist radiographic indexes such as radial inclination, ulnar variance, carpal height ratio, and radial tilt play an important role in the diagnosis and management of medical disorders, so they should be modified regarding the population and race difference. This study aims to compare the normal radiologic wrist indexes in Mashhad population with other existing databases and define some...