AIM To investigate the feasibility of placing a screw in the C2 lamina and evaluate the reliability of the surface of the dorsal arch of C2 as a landmark for determining the optimal site of screw entry. MATERIAL AND METHODS 88 adult human C2 spines were used. Seven measurements were determined for screw entry points, trajectories, and lengths for placement of intralaminar screws. RESULTS Th...

Objective: This research aims to compare the effectiveness of intrathecal bupivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine alone in patients having caesarian procedures. Methods: randomized, controlled study was conducted at operation theatre Liaquat national hospital, agreement hospital's institutional review board. There were 272 total, and they split evenly two groups 136 using non-probability cons...

purpose: comparing the optical coherence tomography (oct) pachymetry patterns in keratoconus suspect and normal people methods: thirty-two keratoconus suspects and 36 healthy eyes were selected within the age range of 20-30 yrs. their pachymetry pattern was obtained through oct visante in the minimum thickness spot, upper and lower corneal difference (i-s), lower temporal, and upper nasal thick...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the repeatability of non-contrast-enhanced lower-extremity magnetic resonance angiography using the flow-spoiled fresh blood imaging (FS-FBI). METHODS Forty-three healthy volunteers and 15 patients with lower-extremity arterial stenosis were recruited in this study and were examined by FS-FBI. Digital subtraction angiography was perf...

PURPOSE We aimed to compare clinical features and computed tomography (CT) findings of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in lower lobe basal segments and upper lobe apical or apicoposterior segments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records and chest CT scans of 986 adults who were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB. Active pulmonary TB confined to the basal segments was fo...