ƒ Productivity is a key indicator of economic health and increasing productivity has been a key objective of the Labour government since 1997. UK labour productivity (GDP per hour) has traditionally been lower than other major industrialised countries. ƒ In recent years, the gap in labour productivity with respect to France and Germany has gradually narrowed. Although these improvements are evi...

ADP-ribosylation factor domain protein 1 (ARD1) is a 64-kDa protein containing a functional ADP-ribosylation factor (GTP hydrolase, GTPase), GTPase-activating protein, and E3 ubiquitin ligase domains. ARD1 activation by the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor cytohesin-1 was known. GTPase and E3 ligase activities of ARD1 suggest roles in protein transport and turnover. To explore this hypothesis...

We provide evidence that democracy has a significant and robust positive effect on GDP. Our empirical strategy relies on a dichotomous measure of democracy coded from several sources to reduce measurement error and controls for country fixed effects and the rich dynamics of GDP, which otherwise confound the effect of democracy on economic growth. Our baseline results use a linear model for GDP ...

The ability of liposomes containing a synthetic lipophilic muramyl dipeptide derivative, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamyl-sn-glycerol dipalmitate (MDP-GDP), to inhibit the growth of experimental B16-F1 melanoma liver metastases in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice has been determined. Multiple i.v. injections of distearoylphosphatidylcholine:dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol liposomes (1 mumol, 10:1 m...

this paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. at first, the effects of r&d; activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has sur...

FOREWORD The purpose of this paper is to examine the lessons economists have learned about economic growth and development, particularly the lessons from crosscountry comparisons. The paper then asks how these lessons can be applied to regional/state growth and development within the United States. As it turns out, the similarities between countries and regions are many. Definitions of growth, ...

Public debt is one of the important economic variables that quantitatively describes a nation’s economy. Because bankruptcy is a risk faced even by institutions as large as governments (e.g., Iceland), national debt should be strictly controlled with respect to national wealth. Also, the problem of eliminating extreme poverty in the world is closely connected to the study of extremely poor debt...

Abstract It is well established that temperature variability affects a range of outcomes relevant to human welfare, including health, emotion and mood, productivity across number economic sectors. However, critical still unresolved empirical question whether variation has long-lasting effect on and, therefore, damages compound over time in response long-lived changes expected with climate chang...

I compare nominal GDP level targeting to strict price level targeting in a small New Keynesian model, with the central bank operating under optimal discretion and facing a zero lower bound on nominal interest rates. I show that, if the economy is only buffeted by purely temporary shocks to inflation, nominal GDP level targeting may be preferable because it requires the burden of the shocks to b...