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Nowadays, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the most promising green energy conversion devices for portable and stationary applications. Traditionally, these devices were based onperfluoro-sulfonic acid electrolytes membranes, given the commercial name Nafion. Nafion is the mostused electrolyte membrane till now; because of its high electrochemical properties su...

Nowadays, digital image processing is the most common form of image processing. Digital image processing makes it possible to enhance image features of interest while attenuating detail irrelevant to a given application, and then extract useful information about the scene from the enhanced image. For instance, digital cameras usually include dedicated digital image processing chips in order to ...

The authors report demonstration of a low-cost 1000 USD interference lithography system based on a Lloyd’s mirror interferometer that is capable of 300 nm pitch patterning. The components include only a 405 nm GaN diode-laser module, a machinist’s block, a chrome-coated silicon mirror, substrate, and double-sided carbon scanning electron microscopy SEM tape. The laser and the machinist’s block ...

This paper presents a block based spatial watermarking method. The main interest of this method is that it attempts to realise a good compromise between robustness performance, quality of the embedding and computational cost. This method is based on elementary perceptual criterion and adapts the embedding with regards to the content of the blocks. The paper ends with results deduced from many p...