In this article we review the fundamental properties and applications of sidewall GaAs tunnel junctions. Heavily impurity-doped GaAs epitaxial layers were prepared using molecular layer epitaxy (MLE), in which intermittent injections of precursors in ultrahigh vacuum were applied, and sidewall tunnel junctions were fabricated using a combination of device mesa wet etching of the GaAs MLE layer ...

This paper presents the results of engineering geological studies of rock blocks along a road tunnel in NW Iran. The tunnel is to cross the Western Alborz Mountain Range through 530 m in length with 11.2 m span and 8 m height. Eocene tuffs and andesites crop out in whole of the tunnel route. Numerical analyses are done using, a 3D stability analysis and visualization program, called Unwedge tha...

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common neuropathy in the general population. Nerve conduction studies are among the standard methods for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome. Electromyography is painful and unpleasant, and if nerve conduction studies can be used to diagnose axonal injury in carpal tunnel syndrome, electromyography might be replaced. Objectives: This study aimed t...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the clinical outcomes of open carpal tunnel release with or without flexor tenosynovectomy and epineurectomy for the treatment of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. METHODS In this prospective single-blinded study, 61 wrists of 47 patients randomized to open carpal tunnel release without (Group-1) or with (Group-2) flexor te...

this paper presents the results of engineering geological studies of rock blocks along a road tunnel in nw iran. the tunnel is to cross the western alborz mountain range through 530 m in length with 11.2 m span and 8 m height. eocene tuffs and andesites crop out in whole of the tunnel route. numerical analyses are done using, a 3d stability analysis and visualization program, called unwedge tha...

The tunnel number of a PL knot K is the minimum number of PL one-cells which must be attached in order that the regular neighborhood of the resulting complex has complement a handlebody [2]. It is easy to see that n-bridge knots have tunnel numbers (n 1) and torus knots have tunnel number one. More difficult is finding knots which have higher tunnel number. If a knot has tunnel number one, it w...

Excess pore pressure under seismic loadings has always been a main concern in geotechnical engineering practices. Undergoing the phenomenon in a soil can cause the effective stress and hence the shear strength of the soil to decrease considerably and large deformations happen in the area. Generally, increasing the pore pressure occurs under the undrained condition. If it can be formed the drain...

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can be performed in a 1- or 2-stage procedure. Restoration of bone stock using bone grafting is often required for good results. The authors performed 1-stage revision surgery with a more lateral and oblique femoral tunnel and an impacted bone graft to avoid the bone defect caused by the previous screw removal from a malpositioned tunnel. No ev...

tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. the predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. the commonly used earth pressure balance (epb) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...