There exist different types of concentration and evenness measures. What they have in common is the fact that they all try to measure inequality. We will discuss only concentration measures that describe the scatter of items over sources, and this irrespective of the number of sources considered. Concentration measures can, e.g., be used as indicators for the convergence, or divergence of regio...

Accessibility metrics have been increasingly employed as a tool to explore the social impacts of transport systems and policies. However, few empirical studies accessibility involve comparisons between cities from countries with different levels development, in particular, across Global South North. This paper attempts bridge this gap by focusing on two very distinct, but similarly sized, large...

We study how the presence of middle class in sense Gevorgyan-Malykhin affects value income inequality measures including Gini coefficient J and Hoover index H. It is proved that (1) $J \leqslant \frac{1}{2}\frac{{L'\left( 0 \right)}}{2}$ (where L Lorenz function), (2) $H \frac{1}{2}$, (3) longest vertical distance between diagonal curve (which equal to H) attained at ${z_0} < \frac{3}{4}$ A ...

This study proposes a set of metrics that is built upon the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient in economics to measure beach litter distribution. These address degree distribution, distribution patterns as well causes We analyzed dataset contains 10,262 surveys for 1803 beaches UK from 2000 2016. found on variant type while almost invariant time, with plastics potteries being least most concentr...

Socio-economic inequalities derived from an exhaustive wealth distribution is studied in a closed geographical region Transylvania (Romania). Exhaustive data computed the agricultural records of Sancraiu commune for three different economic periods. The spanning two periods communist economy and gives glance to present situation after 31 years free market Romania. local growth reset model based...

The Gini index and the Gini mean di erence of a univariate distribution are extended to measure the disparity of a general d-variate distribution. We propose and investigate two approaches, one based on the distance of the distribution from itself, the other on the volume of a convex set in (d + 1)space, named the lift zonoid of the distribution. When d = 1, this volume equals the area between ...

This essay aims at a broad, main-stream account of the literature on inequality and poverty measurement in the space of income and, additionally, deals with measures of disparity and deprivation in the more expanded domain of capabilities and functionings. In addition to an introductory and a concluding part, the paper has four sections. The first of these, on measurement of income inequality, ...

We present a secure deterministic cipher and decipher mechanism based on the well-known Lorenz dynamic system. The ciphering process is performed by the combination of the message to be ciphered and the states of the Lorenz dynamic system, which act as the ciphering key. The deciphering process is implemented by the reconstruction of the key, which is generated using a Lorenz system state obser...

In this paper a Lorenz-like system, describing the process of rotating fluid convection, is considered. The present work demonstrates numerically that this system, also like the classical Lorenz system, possesses a homoclinic trajectory and a chaotic self-excited attractor. However, for considered system, unlike the classical Lorenz one, along with self-excited attractor a hidden attractor can ...

Synchronization of an uncertain new hyperchaotic Lorenz system is studied in this paper. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and adaptive synchronization method, an adaptive control law and a parameter update rule for unknown parameters are given for selfsynchronization of the hyperchaotic Lorenz systems. In addition, the synchronization of the hyperchaotic Lorenz system at speed with the unifie...