Complex microbiomes reside in marine sponges and consist of diverse microbial taxa, including functional guilds that may contribute to host metabolism and coastal marine nutrient cycles. Our understanding of these symbiotic systems is based primarily on static accounts of sponge microbiota, while their temporal dynamics across seasonal cycles remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated tempor...

Shallow warm-water and deep-sea cold-water corals engineer the coral reef framework and fertilize reef communities by releasing coral mucus, a source of reef dissolved organic matter (DOM). By transforming DOM into particulate detritus, sponges play a key role in transferring the energy and nutrients in DOM to higher trophic levels on Caribbean reefs via the so-called sponge loop. Coral mucus m...

Many species create biogenic habitat that may vary in quality depending on its attributes. This variation may in turn affect species interactions among members of the attendant community. We describe a habitat-provisioning species that, with variation in a simple trait, produces dichotomous classes of habitat: one that serves as a predation refuge and the other that does not. Subtidal roots of ...

The abundance and community composition of the endofauna in 2 species of sponge, Haliclona sp. 1 and Haliclona sp. 2 (phylum Porifera: order Haplosclerida), were examined at different sites on the slope at Heron Island Reef, in the southern Great Barrier Reef, on 2 separate occasions. Both species of Haliclona occupy similar habitats on the reef slope and are often found living adjacent to each...

BACKGROUND Umbilical cord infection developing subsequent to bacterial colonization is one of the outstanding reasons of newborn mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped and developing countries. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sponge and tub bathing methods on umbilical cord separation time in full term babies in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS This quasi-experimenta...

OAEP and other similar schemes proven secure in Random-Oracle Model require one or more hash functions with output size larger than those of standard hash functions. In this paper, we show that by utilizing popular Sponge constructions in OAEP framework, we can eliminate the need of such hash functions. We provide a new scheme in OAEP framework based on Sponge construction and call our scheme S...

Sponge-mediated nitrification is an important process in the nitrogen cycle, however, nothing is known about how nitrification and symbiotic Archaea may be affected by sponge disease and bleaching events. The giant barrel sponge Xestospongia muta is a prominent species on Caribbean reefs that contains cyanobacterial symbionts, the loss of which results in two types of bleaching: cyclic, a recov...

It is shown that for every triple of integers (α, β, γ) such that α ≥ 1, β ≥ 1, and γ ≥ 2, there is a homogeneous, non-bihomogeneous continuum whose every point has a neighborhood homeomorphic the Cartesian product of Menger compacta μ ×μ × μ . In particular, there is a homogeneous, non-bihomogeneous, Peano continuum of covering dimension four.

We describe some new ideas and techniques introducedto study spaces with a given lower Ricci curvature bound, and discuss a number of recent results about such spaces.

We discuss 1-Ahlfors-regular connected sets in a general metric space and prove that such sets are ‘flat’ on most scales and in most locations. Our result is quantitative, and when combined with work of I. Hahlomaa, gives a characterization of 1-Ahlfors regular subsets of 1Ahlfors-regular curves in metric spaces. Our result is a generalization to the metric space setting of the Analyst’s (Geome...