Crossing of bunches at an angle in a storage ring is studied. A case when a particle trajectory intersects the opposing bunch off-center and at an angle to the main axis of the bunch charge distribution is considered. Formulae for a kick experienced by a particle are derived for crossing in both horizontal and vertical planes. This kick is a function of the off-center distance in the longitudin...

The anisotropy of fracture toughness in AA2139 (Al-Cu-Mg) alloy sheet has been investigated via synchrotron radiation computed tomography of arrested cracks in Kahn tear test pieces for different loading cases. The three dimensional distribution and morphology of pores and defects in the as-received state are seen to be anisotropic, with chains of voids and void elongation in the L (longitudina...

This paper can reasonably identify the connection weight and threshold of NN and improve capability of true problem solution. This paper also applies PSO-BP NN model into classification of fabric flaws, decomposes the fabric image at single layer and extract the sub-image in horizontal and vertical direction to represent longitudinal and latitudinal texture by using orthogonal wavelet transform...

We propose and analyze a new type of optical amplifier that is formed by addition of gain in the periodic cladding of a transverse Bragg resonance waveguide [Opt. Lett. 27, 936 (2002)]. Using the coupled-wave formalism, we calculate the mode profiles, the exponential gain constant, and, for comparison, the gain enhancement compared with those of conventional semiconductor optical amplifiers. In...

Isotropic, rotating, and stratified turbulent flows are analyzed using a scale- and direction-dependent flatness. The anisotropy of the spatial fluctuations of the energy distribution can hereby be quantified for different length scales. This measure allows one to distinguish between longitudinal and transversal intermittency as well as between horizontal and vertical intermittency. The differe...

We consider the effect of laser beam shaping on proton acceleration in the interaction of a tightly focused pulse with ultrathin double-layer solid targets in the regime of directed Coulomb explosion. In this regime, the heavy ions of the front layer are forced by the laser to expand predominantly in the direction of the pulse propagation, forming a moving longitudinal charge separation electri...

We investigate theoretically using the finite difference time domain method acoustic wave propagation along waveguides in three-dimensional phononic crystals constituted of lead spherical inclusions on a face-centered cubic lattice embedded in an epoxy matrix. The transmission spectra of the perfect phononic crystal for transverse and longitudinal acoustic waves are shown to depend strongly on ...

We developed a technique to measure regional two-dimensional deformations in the myocardium. Three piezoelectric crystals were implanted in a triangular array in the left ventricular anterior midwall in six anesthetized dogs. Each crystal was used in a dual function, to both transmit and receive ultrasonic signals from the other two crystals. In this manner, the three segment lengths of the cry...

Cervical spinal synovial and/or ganglion cysts can occur at various periarticular sites and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraspinal-extradural or paraspinal masses of the cervical spine. The first report of a ganglion cyst of the cervical anterior longitudinal ligament presenting as a retropharyngeal mass, is presented. The histopathology, etiology, and clinical aspect...