The teleconnection between the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and boreal winter polar vortex, Holton–Tan effect, is analyzed in Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with a focus on how stationary wave propagation varies by QBO phase. These signals are difficult to isolate reanalyses because of large internal variability short observational records, especially when decomposing data...

This article examines the sensitivity of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Model with Zoom Capability (LMDZ), a gridpoint atmospheric GCM, to changes in the resolution in latitude and longitude, focusing on the midlatitudes. In a series of dynamical core experiments, increasing the resolution in latitude leads to a poleward shift of the jet, which also becomes less baroclinic, while the...

The main text introduces the model framework for ICE age Chemistry And Proxies (ICECAP), a project focused on paleo-chemistry at and since the Last Glacial Maximum. The framework includes the GEOS-Chem 3-D global chemical transport model (CTM; http://www.geos-chem.org), driven by archived meteorology from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) ModelE general circulation model (GCM...

Shortly after The Royal Society’s founding in 1660, Christiaan Huygens, in partnership with the Society, set out to solve the outstanding technological challenge of the day: the longitude problem, i.e. ­ nding a robust, accurate method of determining longitude for maritime navigation (Yoder 1990). Huygens had invented the pendulum clock in 1657 (Burke 1978) and, subsequently, had demonstrated m...

Direct measurements of the solar wind speed and the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field acquired over more than three solar cycles are used to search for signatures of a persistent dependence of solar wind properties on olar longitude. Two methods of analysis are used. One finds the rotation period that maximizes theamplitude of longitudinal variations of both interplanetary a...

Based on the isometric hypothesis, belowground plant biomass (MB) should scale isometrically with aboveground biomass (MA) and the scaling exponent should not vary with environmental factors. We tested this hypothesis using a large forest biomass database collected in China. Allometric scaling functions relating MB and MA were developed for the entire database and for different groups based on ...

The digital elevation model (DEM) is the name given to a structure used indicate surface. Determination of features such as elevation, basin slope and area are very important in engineering applications. These properties determined by DEM their power represent accuracy or truth vital In addition latitude (X), longitude(Y) coordinate information, altitude information required, intermediate value...

We give a concise proof of a classification of lens spaces up to orientation-preserving homeomorphisms. The chief ingredient in our proof is a study of the Alexander polynomial of ‘symmetric’ links in S. Let T1 and T2 be solid tori, and let mi and li be the meridian and longitude of Ti (i = 1, 2). The lens space L(p, q) is a 3-manifold that is obtained from T1 and T2 by identifying their bounda...