A scoring rule is a principled way of assessing a probabilistic forecast. The key requirement of a scoring rule is that it rewards honest statements of ones beliefs. A scoring rule is said to be local if it assigns a score based on the observed outcome and on outcomes that are in some sense “close” to the observed outcome. In practice, almost all scoring rules can be derived from a concave entr...

The cellular phenotype is described by a complex network of molecular interactions. Elucidating network properties that distinguish disease from the healthy cellular state is therefore of critical importance for gaining systems-level insights into disease mechanisms and ultimately for developing improved therapies. By integrating gene expression data with a protein interaction network we here d...

Causal diamond-shaped subsets of space-time appear naturally in the algebraic approach to quantum field theory, and they are also related to the Bousso covariant entropy bound. In this work we argue that the net of these causal sets to which are assigned the local operator algebras of quantum theories should be taken to be non orthomodular if there is some lowest scale for the description of sp...

Landcover change alters not only the surface landscape but also regional carbon and water cycling. The objective of this study was to assess the potential impacts of landcover change across the Kansas River Basin (KRB) by comparing local microclimatic impacts and regional scale climate influences. This was done using a 25-year time series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and pre...

The influence of an external oriented magnetic field on entropy generation in natural convection for air and liquid gallium is numerically studied in steady-unsteady states by solving the mass, the momentum and the energy conservation equations. Entropy generation depends on five parameters which are: the Prandtl number, the irreversibility coefficients, the inclination angle of the magnetic fi...

We show that a precise assessment of free energy estimates in Monte Carlo simulations of lattice models is possible by using cluster variation approximations in conjunction with the local states approximations proposed by Meirovitch. The local states method (LSM) utilizes entropy expressions which recently have been shown to correspond to a converging sequence of upper bounds on the thermodynam...

An information-theoretic perspective on coarse-graining is presented. It starts with an information characterization of configurations at the micro-level using a local information quantity that has a spatial average equal to a microscopic entropy. With a reversible micro dynamics, this entropy is conserved. In the micro-macro transition, it is shown how this local information quantity is transf...

An experimental design is presented for an optical method of measuring spatial variations of flow irreversibilities in laminar viscous fluid motion. Pulsed laser measurements of fluid velocity with PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) are post-processed to determine the local flow irreversibilities. The experimental technique yields whole-field measurements of instantaneous entropy production with ...

Information storage is a key component of intrinsic distributed computation. Despite the existence of appropriate measures for it (e.g. excess entropy), its role in interacting with information transfer and modification to give rise to distributed computation is not yet well-established. We explore how to quantify information storage on a local scale in space and time, so as to understand its r...

We performed a numerical study on random Boolean networks with power-law rank outdegree distributions to find local structural cause for the emergence of high or low degree of coherence in binary state variables. The degree of randomness and coherence of the binary sequence are measured by entropy and mutual information, depending on local structure that consists of a node with a highly connect...