This emergy-based urban economic account provided a historical portrait of the urban economy and its structures to understand the overload of the biosphere`s assimilative capacity. The basic situation of the urban economy, involving the indigenous resources base, emergy consumption patterns, emergy exports and imports, were investigated, accounted and discussed. Using a series of ratios and ind...

We propose an adaptive random access algorithm for mobile environments with capture. The algorithm has a dynamic window size which is updated according to the tra$c intensity. The packet arrival rate is tracked by employing sequential detection procedures. Simulations indicate that reducing the window size adaptively under heavy load conditions improves the average delay signi"cantly. Copyright...

We present a detailed study of the transport and the efficiency of a ratchet system in a periodic potential in the presence of correlated noises. The current and the efficiency of the system are investigated. It is found that, when the potential is spatially symmetric, the correlation between the two noises can induce a net transport. The efficiency shows many interesting features as a function...

BACKGROUND Exercise training improves both exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with COPD. The intensity of exercise training is crucial to achieve a true physiologic effect. However, in COPD patients, exertional dyspnea and leg fatigue mean that the patient cannot maintain intensity of training for enough time to yield a physiologic training effect. The use of noninvasive ventila...

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BACKGROUND Exercise training is an important component of pulmonary rehabilitation, but it remains questionable how training intensity affects patient-centered outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 aerobic training intensities on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), symptom control, and exercise tolerance in subjects with COPD. METHODS Thirty-four subjects with mi...

Introduction The complex organization of collageneous fiber network in joint cartilage and its load conditioned behaviour determines the biomechanical properties of this tissue. It has been shown that the state of health of the cartilage has an influence on the deformation mechanisms of the collagen network under compressive load [1, 2]. Thus, the compression tests could be a successful tool to...

This report describes a study of the fatigue behavior of fillet welded joints stressed perpendicular to the weld line. The study included an experimental phase in which the stiess-life and cracking behavior of load and nonload carrying fillet weld joints was determined. This experimental study concentrated on the fatigue behavior in the transition region between high and low cycle fatigue 3 5 (...

Exergaming has become widely popular as a recreational activity at home and, following that success, new organized group programs are constantly being developed. The problem that emerges is the problem of the adequacy of exercise intensity for participants of different skill and fitness levels. Not many scientific studies investigated the physiological response of the computer-leaded interactiv...