The subject of viral entry into and subsequent progeny virus egress from cultured cells hasbeen extensively studied using numerous scientific techniques in fields ranging from cellculture to biochemistry to microscopy. Since it’s invention in 1986 the atomic forcemicroscope (AFM) has been used to image a wide variety of biological samples includingsingle living cells infecte...

Antigenic peptides generated by the proteasome have to survive a peptidase-containing environment for presentation by MHC class I molecules. We have visualized the fate and dynamics of intracellular peptides in living cells. We show that peptides are distributed over two different but interconnected compartments, the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and diffuse rapidly through and between these compa...

Mitosis in Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. was studied by light and electron microscopy. The average times required for the stages of mitosis, as determined from measurements made on living nuclei, were as follows: prophase, 70 sec; metaphase, 120 sec; anaphase, 13 sec; and telophase, 125 sec, for a total of 5.5 min. New postfixation procedures were developed specifically to preserve the fine-struc...

Acidianus two-tailed virus (ATV) infects crenarchaea of the genus Acidianus living in terrestrial thermal springs at extremely high temperatures and low pH. ATV is a member of the Bicaudaviridae virus family and undergoes extra-cellular development of two tails, a process that is unique in the viral world. To understand this intriguing phenomenon, we have undertaken structural studies of ATV vi...

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of human disorders--the so-called mitochondrial diseases. Therefore, the organelle is a promising therapeutic drug target. In this review, we describe the key role of mitochondria in living cells, a number of mitochondrial drug delivery systems and mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies. In particular, we discuss mitochondrial del...

Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that form a fibrous meshwork, called the nuclear lamina, between the inner nuclear membrane and peripheral heterochromatin of metazoan cells. The assembly and incorporation of lamin A/C into the lamina, as well as their various functions, are still not well understood. Here, we employed designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) as new experimental tool...

In metazoa, new nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) form at two different cell cycle stages: at the end of mitosis concomitant with the reformation of the nuclear envelope and during interphase. However, the mechanisms of these assembly processes may differ. In this study, we apply high resolution live cell microscopy to analyze the dynamics of single NPCs in living mammalian cells during interphase....

Abstract We study the LISA sources that arise from isolated binary evolution, and how these depend on age metallicity, using model stellar populations bpass. as single-aged which are analogous to star clusters. calculate combined GW spectrum of all binaries within clusters, including types compact well those with living stars. These results allow us evaluate detectability clusters LISA. find at...

Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that isolated envelope membranes from mature spinach chloroplasts catalyze the phototransformation of endogenous protochlorophyllide into chlorophyllide in presence of NADPH, but not in presence of NADH. Protochlorophyllide reductase was characterized further using monospecific antibodies (anti-protochlorophyllide reductase) raised against t...