The liver plays a central role in hemostasis, as it is the site of synthesis of most procoagulant and anticoagulant factors. It also synthesizes many fibrinolytic proteins, and is an important source of thrombopoietin. Furthermore, it is involved in clearance of many hemostatic and fibrinolytic components. Consequently, patients with a decreased synthetic capacity of the liver acquire a complex...

Both acute and chronic liver disease can manifest on the skin. The appearances can range from the very subtle, such as early finger clubbing, to the more obvious such as jaundice. Identifying these changes early on can lead to prompt diagnosis and management of the underlying condition. In this pictorial review we will describe the skin manifestations of specific liver conditions illustrated wi...

Professor Eberhard F. Mammen greatly contributed to the understanding of the relationship between hemostatic abnormalities and liver diseases. The physiology of the hemostatic system is closely linked to liver function because the liver parenchymal cells produce most of the factors of the clotting and fibrinolytic systems. Acute or chronic hepatocellular diseases and hepatic failure including l...

Presently, the orthotropic liver transplantation (OLT) is still the most effective therapeutic for patients with acute or chronic hepatic failure. However, due to the shortage of donor livers, the number of patients benefited from this approach is limited. Therefore, some alternative modalities have been paid attention for restoring the liver function. The cell transplantation is one of the pro...

Inflammatory liver diseases comprise the second most common cause of liver disease in cats. The two major forms of inflammatory liver disease described in North America are cholangiohepatitis (acute and chronic forms) and lymphocytic portal hepatitis. Signalment, clinical signs, clinical laboratory data, and ultrasonography can be used to establish a presumptive diagnosis of inflammatory liver ...

Osteoporosis and osteomalacia are, to date, among the most common metabolic diseases in the world. Lately, an association between metabolic bone diseases and chronic liver disease has been increasingly reported, inducing many authors to create a new nosographic entity known as 'hepatic osteodystrophy.' The importance of such a condition is further increased by the morbidity of these two disease...

Chronic hepatitis C infection is a worldwide health problem because it causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic liver diseases may induce several oral manifestations due to impairment of coagulation, thrombocytopenia or association with diabetes mellitus but hepatic C virus can give rise to a broad spectrum of nonhepatic manifestations. Aim. The purpose of this...

Oxidative stress corresponds to an imbalance between the rate of oxidant production and that of their degradation. The main biological targets of free radicals are proteins, lipids and DNA. Protein oxidation leads to loss of function or premature degradation in proteasomes. Lipid peroxidation, occurring mostly in the plasma membrane or the stratum corneumthe most superficial layer of the epider...

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by several ligands leading to the activation of diverse signaling pathways controlling mainly proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The EGFR signaling axis has been shown to play a key role during liver regeneration following acute and chronic liver damage, as well as in cirrhosis a...