Dynamic light scattering was used to measure the azimuthal anchoring energy coefficient W(straight phi) of nematic liquid crystal (5CB) on photoaligning poly-(vinyl-cinnamate) layer. Measurements were repeated several times within two months. The results show that W(straight phi) increases in the first few days after filling the cell with liquid crystal. Then it remains approximately constant a...

When two liquid drops touch, a microscopic connecting liquid bridge forms and rapidly grows as the two drops merge into one. Whereas coalescence has been thoroughly studied when drops coalesce in vacuum or air, many important situations involve coalescence in a dense surrounding fluid, such as oil coalescence in brine. Here we study the merging of gas bubbles and liquid drops in an external flu...

Complex liquid structures such as metallic foams were produced in a furnace that allowed in situ X-ray monitoring of the evolution of the structure and distribution of the liquid in the foam. The experiments were carried out during parabolic flights which provided varying levels of gravity. The evolution of the characteristic liquid fraction profiles due to gravity induced drainage was measured...

In this paper we study the sedimentation of several thousand circular particles in two dimensions using the method of distributed Lagrange multipliers for solid–liquid flow. The simulation gives rise to fingering which resembles Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities. The waves have a well-defined wavelength and growth rate which can be modelled as a conventional Rayleigh–Taylor instability of heavy flu...

We optically generated and observed GHz ultrasonic waves on liquid surfaces and a liquid/liquid interface for the first time using the transient reflecting grating ~TRG! method. Four kinds of samples were used for measurement of the surfaces; two types of black ink, an aqueous solution of crystal violet ~CV aq solution! and ethanol aqueous solutions of CV. A cyclohexane/CV aq solution interface...

The history of viscosity measurements is outspread and is believed to date back to when people began measuring the viscosities of engine oils with the advent of the automobile industry [1]. A rotational viscometer is one which can be used to measure viscosity at different temperature. In this treatise, a coaxial cylinder type rotational viscometer (CCTRV) has been designed, constructed and comp...

1 Viscosity of an electro-rheological suspension with internal rotations. Synopsis The rheological behaviour of a suspension of insulating particles dispersed in a slightly conducting liquid under the action of a DC electric field is studied. The polarisation of the particles induced by the field is shown to be responsible for a rotation of the particles (Quincke rotation) which, in turn, leads...

BACKGROUND The airway surface liquid (ASL), which is a fluid layer coating the interior epithelial surface of the bronchi and bronchiolesis, plays an important defensive role against foreign particles and chemicals entering lungs. OBJECTIVE Numerical investigation has been employed to solve two-layer model consisting of mucus layer as a viscoelastic fluid and periciliary liquid layer as a Newt...