Using coal to produce transportation fuels could improve the energy security of the United States by replacing some of the demand for imported petroleum. Because of concerns regarding climate change and the high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with conventional coal use, policies to encourage pathways that utilize coal for transportation should seek to reduce GHGs compared to petroleu...

The transport systems are dependent on the fossil fuels especially liquid fuels and these fuels are depleting at much faster rate than production. The consumption of fossil fuels is very unstable and directly affects the economy of our country as we are importing it from other nations so this factor has urged us to find other alternatives to prolong the usage of petroleum. Thus, by using bio-fu...

A novel framework has been developed using hybrid feedstocks and a thermochemical based process superstructure that considers various process alternatives to convert coal, biomass, and natural gas to liquid (CBGTL) transportation fuels. Using binary variables to model process decisions and constraints to model proper unit operations, a mixed-integer non-linear optimization model was developed t...

One can take advantage of the striking similarity of ignitable liquid vaporization (or weathering) patterns and the separation observed during distillation to predict the composition of residual compounds in fire debris. This is done with the advanced distillation curve (ADC) metrology, which separates a complex fluid by distillation into fractions that are sampled, and for which thermodynamica...

A new high-temperature flow reactor experiment utilizing the powerful molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) technique for detailed observation of gas phase kinetics in reacting flows is presented. The reactor design provides a consequent extension of the experimental portfolio of validation experiments for combustion reaction kinetics. Temperatures up to 1800 K are applicable by three individ...

Liquid scintillation spectrometry of 14C in gasoline/ethanol and diesel oil was carried out using QUANTULUS® and straight mixtures of fuel and an organic scintillation cocktail. A linear correlation was found between the concentration of carbon that originates from the bioethanol (biocarbon) and the fuel mixture's 14C activity in the range 0 – 100 % (m/m) bioethanol content. Because of the good...

With the increased amount of focus is being put towards reducing the emissions results from fossil fuel usually composed of hydrocarbons and impurities. The study aim at utilizing the ability of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [OMIM][BF4]. Ionic liquid as the suitable solvent for the extraction of the thiophene and its derivatives from the model gasoline. The proces...

1. Bioenergy electricity and any solid, liquid or gaseous fuel that is produced through the processing of biomass may provide an alternative to the expansion of fossil fuels consumption. With careful strategies and under appropriate regulatory frameworks, bioenergy, and in particular biofuels, may be instrumental to slowing down the process of global warming and enhancing energy security, as we...

The advantages of liquid fuel cells (LFCs) over conventional hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells include a higher theoretical energy density and efficiency, a more convenient handling of the streams, and enhanced safety. This review focuses on the use of different types of organic fuels as an anode material for LFCs. An overview of the current state of the art and recent trends in the development of LFC...