Introduction An initial feasibility study has been conducted to determine whether the advantages offered by an MHD conversion system for marine use are worth further investigations. 1 In this investigation a gas Brayton MHD cycle and one example of a liquid-metal Rankine MHD cycle were used; required were a power output of 11 megawatts and a given nuclear reactor capable of transmitting a tempe...

Electricity production in Lebanon stands at around 1.5 GW while the demand exceeds 2.5 GW at peak times and peak cooling demands, resulting in rationing cuts from between 3 to 20 hours a day which is the worst performance in the Middle East. Due to the country energy shortfall, a large number of small-scale backup generators is installed to address the electric and cooling needs. The proliferat...

We perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the extended simple-point-charge (SPC/E) model for water to study the structural relaxation through the glass transition region. We follow the same standard protocol used in differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Specifically, we cool liquid configurations at different cooling rates to produce a glass, and then we heat the glass back ...

Direct cooling by means of jets and sprays has been considered a solution to the problem of cooling high power density electronic devices. Although both methods are capable of very high heat removal rates it is necessary to be able to decide which one is more convenient than the other when designing a cooling system for electronic applications. In this work the results of an investigation of th...

We review our simulation results on properties of supercooled confined water. We consider two situations: water confined in a hydrophilic pore that mimics an MCM-41 environment and water at interface with a protein. The behavior upon cooling of the α relaxation of water in both environments is well interpreted in terms of the Mode Coupling Theory of glassy dynamics. Moreover, we find a crossove...

Cryopreservation is the most promising way for long-term storage of biological samples e.g., single cells and cellular structures. Among various cryopreservation methods, vitrification is advantageous by employing high cooling rate to avoid the formation of harmful ice crystals in cells. Most existing vitrification methods adopt direct contact of cells with liquid nitrogen to obtain high coolin...

Calorimetric and optical cryo-microscope measurements of 10-64 wt % citric acid (CA) solutions subjected to moderate (3 K/min) and slow (0.5 and 0.1 K/min) cooling/warming rates and also to quenching/moderate warming between 320 and 133 K are presented. Depending on solution concentration and cooling rate, the obtained thermograms show one freezing event and from one to three liquid-glass trans...

The serpentine tube liquid cooling and composite PCM coupled thermal management system is designed for 18650 cylindrical power batteries, with the maximum temperature difference of pack within optimal operating range as target. initial analysis battery at a 5C discharge rate, influence single cell to distance, number tubes, inlet coolant temperature, flow other factors on heat dissipation perfo...

In this paper a glass façade system is proposed, which controls the energy flows within the transparent building envelope [1]. Yearly energy consumptions of an office space are calculated in Munich and Dubai [2]. The office space is calculated with a theoretical glazing share of 100% within the south-west oriented façade area. A standard solar-control glazing unit (SCGU) is adopted as benchmark...