A drug metabolism study is an important aspect of the early drug discovery and development process [1,2]. In order to improve the understanding of drug efficacy and safety characteristics, it is desirable to investigate the drug metabolism in animals or humans [3,4]. These metabolism studies involve metabolic stability, cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) induction or inhibition and metabolite identific...

The objective of the study is to observe the anti-motion sickness effect of volatile oil extract of Pinelia ternata in rats, compare the strength of anti-motion sickness action between the Pinelia ternata volatile oil extract and the dimenhydrinate, and analyze the constituents in volatile oil of Pinelia ternata. Rats with frequency is 0.05Hz, the peak speed of 240°/s rotated to stimulate, evok...

A new single-drop microextraction approach is proposed for the extraction of compounds with a wide range of volatilities from tap water samples with separation/detection by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. This new microextraction mode is called direct immersion-headspace-single drop microextraction (DI-HS-SDME). Trihalomethanes (THMs), hydrocarbons with low molecular weight (benzene, ethyl...

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Iranian and British Thymus vulgaris L. were obtained by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty two components were identified in the Iranian Th. vulgaris essential oil that represented 99.06% of the oils. The major components were thymol (60.54%), γTerpinene (9.47%), p-cymene (8...

Building semantics concepts into the learning tools and utilities will open the road for the next generation of the Learning Content Management System (LCMS). We propose here to name this new learning environment the Semantic LCMS. This paper presents some reflections about how the semantic kernel of an SLCMS could be viewed. This semantic kernel is in close relation with a set of primitive rul...

PURPOSE Comparative evaluation of pharmaceutical characteristics of three marketed generic vs branded travoprost formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three generic travoprost formulations and one branded (Travatan without benzalkonium chloride) formulation (10 vials each), obtained from authorized agents from the respective companies and having the same batch number, were used. These formulati...

Aim: To develop a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method validation for the quantifi cation of mevalonate (MVA), an endogenous compound responsible for synthesis of cholesterol in human plasma. Settings and Design: The method was validated and impended for application on human to study the concentration of MVA in plasma level after administration o...

Prior research demonstrated that environmental enrichment creates individual differences in behavior leading to a protective addiction phenotype in rats. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this phenotype will guide selection of targets for much-needed novel pharmacotherapeutics. The current study investigates differences in proteome expression in the nucleus accumbens of enriched and isola...

3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) and thyronamine (T0AM) are novel endogenous signaling molecules that exhibit great structural similarity to thyroid hormones but apparently antagonize classical thyroid hormone (T3) actions. The present study investigated whether thyronamines (TAMs) are substrates of the three Dio isozymes (Dio1, Dio2 and Dio3). TAMs were incubated with isozyme specific Dio preparatio...