This brief note addresses the historical background of the invention of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These assays were developed independently and simultaneously by the research group of Peter Perlmann and Eva Engvall at Stockholm University in Sweden and by the research group of Anton Schuurs and Bauke van Weemen in The Netherlands. Today, fully a...

Preserving the functionality of hepatocytes in vitro poses a significant challenge liver tissue engineering and bioartificial liver, as these cells rapidly lose their metabolic functional characteristics after isolation. Inspired by macroporous structures found native tissues, here we develop synthetic hydrogel scaffolds that closely mimic liver’s structural organization through phase separatio...

Two types of micro‐ and nanocarriers for immobilization of enzymes for biotechno‐ logical and biomedical applications are described: magnetic nanoparticles and cross‐ linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). Nanosized structures with their large surface and smaller size volume ratio, which is dependent on their strong magnetic dipole, give key features that make magnetic nanoparticles useful in many b...

Nuclear aggregates formed by proteins containing expanded poly-glutamine (poly-Q) tracts have been linked to the pathogenesis of poly-Q neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show that a protein (GFP170*) lacking poly-Q tracts forms nuclear aggregates that share characteristics of poly-Q aggregates. GFP170* aggregates recruit cellular chaperones and proteasomes, and alter the organization of nucl...

A separable and highly-stable enzyme system was developed by adsorption of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) from Rhodotorula glutinis in amino-functionalized macroporous silica gel and subsequent enzyme crosslinking. This resulted in the formation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (PAL-CLEAs) into macroporous silica gel (MSG-CLEAs). The effect of adsorptive conditions, type of aggregating agen...

The crystal of the title compound, C(9)H(20)N(+)·C(9)H(21)O(3)SSi(-), is built of aggregates, each made up of two 2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-piperidinium cations and two triisopropoxysilanethiol-ate anions. The aggregates are linked by four N-H⋯S bonds and correspond to an R(2) (4)(8) graph-set motif.

Abstract In this paper, a novel procedure for the immobilization and stabilization of enzymes is proposed: multipoint covalent attachment bi-molecular enzyme aggregates. This protocol allows “capture” fixation aggregate on support surface. addition to by attachment, aggregation promotes very interesting stabilizing effects. presence low concentrations polyethylene glycol (30 %) dimeric amine ox...

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) were assembled and cross-linked into spherical aggregates by colloidal emulsion evaporation and ligand exchanging. The optical absorption, conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and bright field (BF) TEM tomography confirm that the cross-linking of the pre-condensed aggregates generates high stability and compactness.