A potentially fruitful area for applied linguistic research is the nature of the linguistic systems used by second language learners as they learn--or even after they appear to have stopped learning. It has been suggested at various times that the findings of this sort of research would be useful not only to language teachers and textbook writers, but also to our understanding of language conta...

A linguistic model for an Information Retrieval System (IRS) defined using an ordinal fuzzy linguistic approach is proposed. The ordinal fuzzy linguistic approach is presented, and its use for modeling the imprecision and subjectivity that appear in the user-IRS interaction is studied. The user queries and IRS responses are modeled linguistically using the concept of fuzzy linguistic variables....

Consideration sets provide a standard tool for the exploration of consumer choice. It is appropriate to analyze it as a fuzzy set because not all the brands of a certain category of products or services that belong to it are considered of the same importance. In this work we propose an alternative operationalization of the aggregate fuzzy consideration set. It is based on a new approach for lin...

This research aims at proposing a new method for discovering frequent temporal itemsets in continuous subsets of a dataset with quantitative transactions. It is important to note that although these temporal itemsets may have relatively high textit{support} or occurrence within particular time intervals, they do not necessarily get similar textit{support} across the whole dataset, which makes i...

Linguistic variables are very useful to evaluate alternatives in decision making problems because they provide a vocabulary in natural language rather than numbers. Some aggregation operators for linguistic variables force the use of a symmetric and uniformly distributed set of terms. The need to relax these conditions has recently been posited. This paper presents the induced unbalanced lingui...

To help decision-makers better understand the decision procedure and result is a major objective of decision analysis. In linguistic decision, symbolic scheme thereby is more attractive than set-based scheme. The counted (expanded) linguistic variable (CLV/CELV) model is proposed for representing and aggregating linguistic decision information. The model is developed from the ordinary linguisti...

– from a linguistic perspective – from a formal perspective • Locality of grammatical relations in HPSG 3 HPSG grammars from a linguistic perspective From a linguistic perspective, an HPSG grammar consists of • a lexicon licensing basic words • lexical rules licensing derived words • immediate dominance (id) schemata licensing constituent structure • linear precedence (lp) statements constraini...

A new consensus model for the consensus reaching process, in a linguistic framework, is presented in heterogeneous group decision making problems, called rational consensus model. It is guided by some linguistic consensus and linguistic consistency meaures. All the measures are calculated from a set of linguistic preference relations used to provide experts' opinions. This consensus model allow...

This work applies boosted wrapper induction (BWI), a machine learning algorithm for information extraction from semi-structured documents, to the problem of named entity recognition. The default feature set of BWI is augmented with features based on distributional term clusters induced from a large unlabeled text corpus. Using no traditional linguistic resources, such as syntactic tags or speci...