IMPORTANCE The governments of high-income countries and private organizations provide billions of dollars to developing countries for health. This type of development assistance can have a critical role in ensuring that life-saving health interventions reach populations in need. OBJECTIVES To identify the amount of development assistance that countries and organizations provided for health an...

Municipalities in developing countries spend the highest proportion of their annual budget on unsatisfactory solid waste management service. Until recently, solid waste management services in Ethiopia were mainly the responsibilities of municipalities, which culminated in inadequate service provision. Thus, the integration of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by the government has recently bei...

Municipalities in developing countries spend the highest proportion of their annual budget on unsatisfactory solid waste management service. Until recently, solid waste management services in Ethiopia were mainly the responsibilities of municipalities, which culminated in inadequate service provision. Thus, the integration of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by the government has recently bei...

In the Iranian economy, part of the governmentchr('39')s fiscal policies and liabilities is always financed by banks. As government debt to banks increases, the private sectorchr('39')s access to loans and facilities is limited. It can cause undesirable macroeconomic outcomes. This study investigates the macroeconomic effects of government debt on banks in Iran over 1972–2016 by using an SVAR m...

this paper examines the dimensions of accountability that the executive must fulfil in the islamic republic of iran and the role of accounting in meeting accountability obligations as they are at present. accountability continues to be interpreted, almost exclusively, in terms of the fiduciary stewardship of resources appropriated by parliament. public sector resource accounting information sys...

Optimum utilization of limited resources in the production floor demands that the production manager makes decisions on the best allocation of limited resources. This study applied linear programming techniques to production planning problem in a feed mill producing company. Linear Programming model was formulated based on data obtained from the company operations’ diary. Data was processed wit...

In this paper, we consider a model where each one of a continuum of workers can influence the stochastic evolution of his employment/unemployment state, i.e., the number of periods he has been employed or unemployed, respectively, through the choice of an effort variable. We analyze the dynamic game between the workers and a long-lived government who attempts to control social welfare through a...

A dynamic model with credit under limited commitment is constructed, in which limited memory can weaken the effects of punishment for default. This creates an endogenous role for government debt in credit markets, and the economy can be non-Ricardian. Default can occur in equilibrium, and government debt essentially plays a role as collateral and thus improves borrowers’ incentives. The provisi...