The effect of hydrocortisone has been studied in organ cultures of the cartilaginous long bone rudiments from 7-day chick embryos and of the well ossified limb bones from late fetal mice. In the chick rudiments, which grow rapidly in culture, the growth rate was much reduced by hydrocortisone, less intercellular material was formed, and the hypertrophic cells of the shaft were much smaller than...

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs), which extend neural (CNNs) to non-Euclidean structures, have been utilized promote skeleton-based human action recognition research and made substantial progress in doing so. However, there are still some challenges the construction of models based on GCNs. In this paper, we propose an enhanced adjacency matrix-based graph network with a combinatorial attent...

Although endochondral ossification of the limb and axial skeleton is relatively well-understood, the development of dermal (intramembranous) bone featured by many craniofacial skeletal elements is not nearly as well-characterized. We analyzed the expression domains of a number of markers that have previously been associated with endochondral skeleton development to define the cellular transitio...

The autosomal recessive gene for brachypodism (bp) in the mouse affects the appendicular, but not the axial skeleton. Manus and pes are more severely affected than the rest of the limbs; the girdles are normal. In digits 2-5, the basal and middle phalanges of the normal are replaced by a short and thin element which never ossifies properly; by contrast, the terminal phalanges are normal or near...

chordomas are low-grade malignant tumors of bone that occur almost exclusively in the axial  skeleton. chordomas are rare in children and adolescents and comprise

Basilosauridae, fully aquatic archaeocetes from the Eocene, had osteosclerotic or pachyosteosclerotic structure of ribs and, sometimes, other bones. Such a is far different osteoporotic-like bones modern cetaceans. A microanatomical and histological study was conducted on axial limb skeleton several basilosaurid specimens assigned to genus Basilotritus , Bartonian (late middle Eocene) deposits ...

limb lengthening by distraction osteogenesis was fi   fi key words: biomechanics, callostasis, distraction histogenesis, distraction osteogenesis,mechanical strain, osteodistraction, vector   ed the physiologic and mechanical factors governing   successful regeneration of bone formation. distraction osteogenesis is a new variation of more traditional orthognathic surgical procedure for the corr...

We describe the most complete postcranial remains of a pathological, large-bodied sabretooth from Lower Pliocene site Langebaanweg ‘E’ Quarry (South Africa). The skeleton consists hind limb and vertebral elements that exhibit distinctive exostoses, osteophytes eburnation. performed quantitative morphological comparison new found in Langebaanweg, with other Neogene Quaternary non-sabretooth feli...