we investigated sexual size dimorphism in the tree frog, hyla savignyi using 33 males and 22 females from the western and northwestern regions of kermanshah province, western iran. out of sixteen measured morphometric characters, four were significantly larger in females than in males. these characters were nostrileye length, brachium length, elbowlongest finger length and hind limb length.

BACKGROUND Leg length discrepancy (LLD) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) can lead to unsatisfactory outcome. Our objective was to design and evaluate a simple and reliable intraoperative device (Length-offset Lever) to minimize leg length discrepancy. METHODS This device was used in 51 patients undergoing primary total hip replacements. The leg length discrepancy was measured pre- and posto...

DESCRIPTION A 20-year-oldman presentedwith gradual enlargement and disability of the left lower limb since birth. At birth his parents noticed that his left lower limbwas a bit bigger than his right, and since then it gradually enlarged in length and breadth, with a distorted shape. His left leg became so big that he could not use it for the last 10 years and became bed bound. Clinical examinat...

BACKGROUND For devising potential clinical approaches for limb length discrepancies, we examined local administration of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). METHODS C57/BL/6 mice (∼ 8 weeks old) were used in this study, and the mice were separated into two groups: an IGF2-treated group and a placebo group. In the IGF2-treated group, IGF2 was locally administered into the distal epiphysis of ...

background: h-reflex is a valuable electrophysiological technique for assessing nerve conduction through entire length of afferent and efferent pathways, especially nerve roots and proximal segments of peripheral nerves. the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between normal values of flexor carpi radialis (fcr) h-reflex latency, upper limb length and age in normal subjects, and t...

Introduction. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) infections with severe bone loss pose significant reconstructive challenges. We present our experience with two-stage hip reimplantation using an intramedullary, antibiotic-impregnated nail. Methods. Three patients with infected THA with severe proximal femoral bone loss (Mallory type IIIB or greater) were treated using a custom antibiotic spacer. Clin...

Osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip is a surgical challenge because of the modified anatomy of the acetabulum which is deficient in its shape with poor bone quality, torsional deformities of the femur and the altered morphology of femoral head. Particularly in Crowe type III and IV, additional surgical challenges are present, such as limb-length discrepancy and adduct...

Lengthening beyond 25% of the original segment length is an orthopaedic challenge. Substantial lengthening is fraught with complications such as joint contractures, refractures, nerve injuries and prolonged periods of consolidation. We report a case of massive lengthening in a 17-year-old boy in whom a 20 cm lengthening (57% lengthening) and complex deformity correction was performed on a centr...

Objectives: Length disparities of children’s limbs might make it difficult for them to engage in social, recreational, and leisure activities. The main goals surgical treatment limb length discrepancy (LLD) are restore function prevent adverse social effects. aim this study was assess the quality life (QoL) children who received therapy discrepancies. Methods: Twenty participants fit inclusion ...