Personality measurement is based on the idea that values on an unobservable latent variable determine the distribution of answers on a manifest response scale. Typically, it is assumed in the Item Response Theory (IRT) that latent variables are related to the observed responses through continuous normal or logistic functions, determining the probability with which one of the ordered response al...

Intense competition has led to between companies and the emergence of various similar that compete strictly in showing their existence. This study aims determine effect Brand image Product Quality on Customer Loyalty Energen Breakfast Cereals Study at Surabaya State University. The type research used is quantitative. measurement scale Likert scale. population this were consumers who had bought ...