Although like proteins, polysaccharides are synthesized by enzymes, unlike proteins there is no template. This means that they are polydisperse, do not generally have compact folded structures, and are often very large with greater nonideality behavior in solution. This chapter considers the relevant analytical ultracentrifuge methodology available for characterizing these and related carbohydr...

• Lignin-derived biochars can be produced with similar conductivity to carbon black. A statistical model identified properties that influence biochar conductivity. Biochar oxygen content and particle size are shown impact electrical Careful selection of lignin feedstock may increase is a promising, sustainable alternative petroleum-based powders (e.g., black) for polymer composite energy storag...

The characterization of technical lignins is a key step for the efficient use and processing this material into valuable chemicals quality control. In study 31 lignin samples were prepared from different biomass sources (hardwood, softwood, straw, grass) pulping processes (sulfite, Kraft, organosolv). Each was analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spect...