The reports presented by consulting firms show that annual energy costs generated by 340 million streetlights are expected to reach $23.9 to $42.5 billion by 2025. Those numbers reveal a motivation behind the research aiming at optimizing outdoor lighting energy efficiency. They show that even a small unit improvement can yield large benefits due to the effect of scale. The development of solid...

The design of a lighting environment is a complex task because of the need to satisfy multiple criteria, which are often in conflict with each other, for example, an adequate level of illumination needs to be maintained in a space to satisfy the requirements for various tasks, while not sacrificing illuminance uniformity or introducing glare and discomfort. The position of luminaires can impact...

To evaluate the performance of buildings in use and to predict performance during design, it is necessary to identify what the appropriate measures of performance should be, when and how measures should be collected, and how results will be interpreted to determine success or failure. As noted in Chap. 1, one of the central barriers to effective daylighting is that daylighting performance is of...

The intent of this paper is to initiate a discussion within the community interested in commercial refrigerators, on the possible use of LED lighting in commercial refrigerated and freezer display cases. The fluorescent lighting presently used in commercial refrigerators is inefficient in the application and also it provides poor lighting for merchandising. LED is a solid-state light source tha...

The advance of LED technologies allows for new design opportunities in the area of lighting for psychological health. Research has shown that lighting in various colors and intensities can be used to improve people’s moods, e.g. through its effects on melatonin levels. This is especially interesting in the context of ambient assisted living and care environments where people are less mobile and...

In the computer graphics production environment, artists often must tweak specific lighting and material parameters to match a mind’s eye vision of the appearance of a 3D scene. However, the interaction between a material and a lighting environment is often too complex to cognitively predict without visualization. Therefore, artists operate in a design cycle, where they tweak the parameters, wa...