compare the effect of different ceramic thicknesses on degree of conversion (dc) of 3 light-cured resin cements. methods: in this experimental in-vitro study, the degree of conversion of three light-cured resin cements, variolink veneer (ivoclar, liechtenstein), relyx veneer (3m espe, usa) and choice2 (bisco, usa) were evaluated beneath feldespatic ceramic discs (vita vmk master) with a same sh...

Leiognathids are shallow-water, Indo-West Pacific fishes that have a circumesophageal, bacterial light organ. Visual observations of living fishes revealed a mottled ventral luminescence pattern, which was analyzed both behaviorally and morphologically. In behavioral experiments, these fishes responded to increases in intensity of downwelling light with increases in the intensity of ventral lum...

When designing interior lighting effects, it is desirable to compare a variety of lighting designs involving different lighting devices and directions of light. It is, however, time-consuming to generate images with many different lighting parameters, taking interreflection into account, because all luminances must be calculated and recalculated. This makes it difficult to design lighting effec...

We present an optical tomographic reconstruction method to recover the complex refractive index distribution from boundary measurements based on intensity, which are the logarithm of intensity and normal derivative of intensity. The method, which is iterative, repeatedly implements the forward propagation equation for light amplitude, the Helmholtz equation, and computes appropriate sensitivity...

According to the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem, the intensity distribution of a spatially incoherent source and the mutual coherence function of the light impinging on two wave sensors are related. It is the comparable relationship using a single mobile sensor moving at a certain velocity relative to the source that is calculated in this paper. The auto-corelation function of the electric field a...