A family with a dominant form of partial GTP cyclohydrolase deficiency is described. Clinical severity varied from mild involvement with complete responsiveness to levodopa to severe dystonia precluding any voluntary activity including talking, progressive contractures, and only partial responsiveness to levodopa. Although there are several possible reasons for intrafamilial variability, any pa...

epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population. the prevalence of active epilepsy in kerman,iran is 7.87/1000 individuals. the past decade has brought many advances to the treatment of epilepsy, including many new pharmacological agents. lamotrigine is one of the new antiepileptic drugs. lamotrigine has many side effects; the most important of which are al...

OBJECTIVE To compile a comprehensive summary of published human experience with levodopa given intravenously, with a focus on information required by regulatory agencies. BACKGROUND While safe intravenous (IV) use of levodopa has been documented for over 50 years, regulatory supervision for pharmaceuticals given by a route other than that approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA...

OBJECTIVE Dopamine (DA) is critical for motor performance, motor learning, and corticostriatal plasticity. The relationship between motor performance and learning, and the role of DA in the mediation of them, however, remain unclear. METHODS To examine this question, we took advantage of PITx3-deficient mice (aphakia mice), in which DA in the dorsal striatum is reduced by 90%. PITx3-deficient...

OBJECTIVES Entacapone is a specific, potent, peripherally acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor. It has been shown to improve the bioavailability of plasma levodopa and extend its clinical effect when used as an adjunct to standard levodopa preparations, but there is little experience of the effect of entacapone on controlled release levodopa preparations. METHODS A double blin...

Sucralose is widely used as a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS). However, in order to justify its use food additive, sucralose would have be metabolically neutral. The aim of this study was examine whether altered the insulin signaling pathway an vitro cell model Parkinson’s disease (PD)—the dopaminergic differentiated line SH-SY5Y. Cells were exposed alone and combination with either or levodopa. ...

We used a network approach to study the effects of anti-parkinsonian treatment on motor sequence learning in humans. Eight Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation underwent H(2)(15)O positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) while they performed kinematically matched sequence learning and m...

The studies of duodenal infusion of a levodopa on small groups of parkinsonian patients have reported beneficial effects on motor complications. However, little is known about the patient profile and indications for duodenal levodopa infusion. The purpose of this study is to exhaustively investigate the clinical characteristics of the population and indication, efficacy and tolerability of duod...

Treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease with levodopa has profound effects on both movement and the pattern of movement-related reactivity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), as reflected in the local field potential (LFP). The most striking change is the promotion of reactivity in the gamma frequency band, but it remains unclear whether the latter is itself a pathological feature, possibl...