Background: Patients with leukemia are facing more complications in order to achieve longer survival. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of central nervous system abnormalities (CNS) on MRI of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: Sixty-six children with diagnosis of ALL aged 2-18 years were recruited. Non-contrast sequences of brain MRI in addition to diffusion weighted i...

background: the secondary genetic changes other than the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor (pml-rara) fusion gene may contribute to the acute promyelocytic leukemogenesis. chromosomal alterations and mutation of flt3 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) tyrosine kinase receptor are the frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia. however, the prognostic significance of flt3 mutat...

Abstract Introduction/Objective Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with rearrangement of FGFR1 are uncommon and heterogeneous group hematological malignancies that may present as myeloproliferative neoplasm, acute myeloid leukemia, T or B lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, mixed phenotypic leukemia. Patients can lymphadenopathy, mediastinal mass, systemic symptoms. Eosinophilia is common in peripheral bl...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children. Despite remarkable improvements treatment of pediatric acute over last years, relapse still carries a poor prognosis with considerable morbidity and mortality. New immunotherapeutic approaches will change way we treated our patients results had. Blinatumomab bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody indicated for relapsed/r...

Mast Cell Leukemia (MCL), a rare subtype of systemic mastocytosis is defined by bone marrow involvement as atypical and aleukemic mast cells, if more than 20% and less than 10% of peripheral WBCs are mast cells, respectively. We met a case of aleukemic MCL presenting with anemia and ascites for 2 years, referred for BM evaluation, suspicious of leukemia. Our findings included BM involveme...

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia arises from the leukemic transformation of developing thymocytes and results from cooperative genetic lesions. Inactivation of the PHF6 gene is frequently observed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, suggesting an important tumor suppressive role for PHF6 in the pathobiology of this leukemia. Although the precise function of PHF6 is still unknown, this ge...

histone deacetylases (hdacs) are the enzymes causing deacetylation of histone and non-histone substrates. histone deacetylase inhibitors (hdis) are a family of drugs eliminating the effect of hdacs in malignant cells via inhibition of hdacs. due to extensive effects upon gene expression through interference with fusion genes and transcription factors, hdacs cause proliferation and migration of ...

The BRAF-V600E mutation defines genetically hairy cell leukemia among B-cell leukemias and lymphomas. In solid tumors, BRAF-V600E is known to aberrantly activate the oncogenic MEK-ERK pathway, and targeted BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy in clinical trials in melanoma patients. However, the MEK-ERK pathway status in hairy cell leukemia has not been thoroughly investiga...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphoma (CLL/SLL) is an indolent small B-cell neoplasm that may transform into a clinically aggressive disease, namely Richter syndrome, usually as diffuse large lymphoma. Besides, CLL/SLL encompasses increased risk of developing other secondary cancers, including variety T-cell lymphomas, often the anaplastic large-cell type or with cytotoxic phenotype. Here...

Immunotherapy as a cancer treatment modality has undergone recent widespread proliferation across all types, especially amongst patients with solid tumors. However, the longest tenured immunotherapy approach to is allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) for two hematologic malignancies: acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia (AML ALL, respectively). While allo-SCT remains standard of care ...