Synthetic lethality experiments identify pairs of genes with complementary function: two genes are synthetic lethal if each mutant is viable, but the double mutant combination is lethal. More direct functional associations may be inferred between genes that share synthetic lethal interaction partners than genes that are directly synthetic lethal. We describe an unsupervised algorithm, Genetic I...

BACKGROUND Lethal and edema toxins secreted by Bacillus anthracis during anthrax infection were found to incite serious cardiovascular complications. However, the underlying mechanisms in anthrax lethal toxin-induced cardiac anomalies remain unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of antioxidant enzyme catalase in anthrax lethal toxin-induced cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunctio...

Attempts to link physiological thermal tolerance global species distributions have relied on lethal temperature limits, yet many organisms lose fertility at sublethal temperatures. Here we show that, across 43 Drosophila species, better match male-sterilizing temperatures than This suggests that may be determined by limits reproduction, not survival, meaning underestimating the impacts of clima...

Since 1972, when the U.S. Government restricted uses of toxicants for controlling coyotes, a variety of non-lethal techniques has been tested for effectiveness in protecting livestock. Some were ineffective, but others helped to reduce the incidence of predation on sheep. In addition to sound management practices, electric fencing and livestock guarding dogs appear to have the widest applicabil...

Anthrax toxin consists of three proteins, protective antigen, lethal factor, and edema factor. Protective antigen translocates lethal factor and edema factor to the cytosol of mammalian cells. The amino-termini of lethal factor and edema factor have several homologous stretches. These regions are presumably involved in binding to protective antigen. In the present study we have determined the r...

The application of the following new indices of the efficacy of antidotes has been substantiated and discussed: the "antidotal potency" as a ratio of LD50 of a poison when an antidote used to LD99 in control intact animals, and the "index of solid protection" as a ratio of LD10 in the experiments to LD90 in controls. The two indices are true for changing the lethality curve slope, which makes i...

In this paper, we investigate the problem of classifying a subset of environmental sounds in movie audio tracks that indicate specific indexical semiotic use. These environmental sounds are used to signify and enhance events occurring in film scenes. We propose a classification system for detecting the presence of violence and car chase scenes in film by classifying ten various environmental so...

An explosion of Eighth Amendment challenges to lethal injection protocols has struck the federal courts. The Supreme Court's recent decision in Hill v. McDonough,1 which empowered prisoners to bring challenges to lethal injection procedures under 42 U.S.C. para. 1983, has facilitated a flood of new lethal injection cases. In response, several courts have ordered states to alter their protocols,...