This paper seeks to explain the role of bank capital in uctuations of lending and output. We build a continuous time model of an economy in which commercial banks nance their loans by deposits and equity, while facing issuance costs when they raise new equity. The dynamics of the loan rate and the volume of lending in the economy are driven by aggregate bank capitalization. The model has a uniq...

Global banks played a significant role in transmitting the 2007-09 financial crisis to emerging-market economies. We examine adverse liquidity shocks on main developedcountry banking systems and their relationships to emerging markets across Europe, Asia, and Latin America, isolating loan supply from loan demand effects. Loan supply in emerging markets across Europe, Asia, and Latin America was...

Analysis of adjustment loans often overlooks their repetition to the same country. Repetition changes the nature of the selection problem. None of the top 20 recipients of repeated adjustment lending over 1980–99 were able to achieve reasonable growth and contain all policy distortions. About half of the adjustment loan recipients show severe macroeconomic distortions regardless of cumulative a...

We present an empirical analysis of the European electronic interbank market of overnight lending e-MID during the years 1999-2009. After introducing the market mechanism, we consider the activity, defined as the number of trades per day; the spreads, defined as the difference between the rate of a transaction and the key rates of the European Central Bank; the lending conditions, defined as th...

This paper presents a multiple-equilibrium model of the Asian financial crisis. The economy has Krugman-style over-investment caused by weak financial regulation and implicit government guarantees. Following Dooley, the government only has a limited capacity or willingness to honour such guarantees. The model has a unique long-run equilibrium, with over-investment. But in the short run, in whic...

We study the reaction of commercial banks to external macroeconomic shocks using panel data from over 120 banks in Argentina for the period 1996-1999. We show that all banks reduce lending when systemic risk increases and that this reaction is driven by credit supply decisions by banks, beyond and above the impact of reduced credit demand or increased regulatory pressure. However, the underlyin...

Borrower level data from over 1,000 agricultural lending relationships are used to examine how several factors influence the costs and returns of extending agricultural credit. The characteristics of agricultural borrowers and their demand for various financial products and services are described. The results also provide estimates of the costs and returns of agricultural lending and the extent...

Abstract A long-standing macroeconomic issue is how monetary policy affects the real economy. The lending view is that tight money affects aggregate demand by shifting the supply schedule left in the bank loan market. Previous studies have found that loans contract following tight money. It is not clear whether the financial contraction reflects a shift of the supply schedule or the demand sche...