Ray-finned fishes actively control the shape and orientation of their fins to either generate or resist hydrodynamic forces. Because of the emergent mechanical properties of their segmented, bilaminar fin rays (lepidotrichia), and actuation by multiple muscles, fish can control the rigidity and curvature of individual rays independently, thereby varying the resultant forces across the fin surfa...

this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dried lemon pulp in corn- soybean meal diets on egg production, egg traits and as well as blood metabolites of laying hens. throughout the experiment, 144 hi- line (w36) laying hens from 65 to 76 weeks of age were assigned to 4 treatments of 3 replicates each, with 12 hens per replicate. a completely randomized design ...

repellet effect of extracts and essential oils of citrus limon (l.) burm.f., (lemon) and melissa officinalis, (balm) were evaluated against anopheles stephensi in laboratory on animal and human and compared with synthetic repellent, n,ndiethyl- 3-methylbenzamide (deet) as a standard. results of statistical analysis revealed significant differences between oils and extracts (p< 0.05) against the...

Two species of dwarfgoby are described from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Eviota flebilis n. sp. belongs to cephalic sensory-pore system pattern 2 (lacking only IT pore), has a dorsal/anal fin-ray formula of 8/7, unbranched pectoral-fin rays, the 5th pelvic-fin ray 12.9% of the 4th, a distinctive narrow, red-orange line under the eye, and a dark vertical line at the caudal-fin base. Eviota specca ...

numerical and experimental analyses are performed on multilouvered fin banks in low and medium reynolds regimes to investigate the effects of dimples and perforations on flow structure and heat transfer capacity. in different reynolds numbers the flow efficiency has been calculated numerically and experimentally by flow visualization method and the results showed that dimples and perforations c...

T H E feather is the most elaborate of all the derivatives of the Malpighian layer. The production of so complex a structure from so simple a layer of cells is a challenge to the developmental anatomist and has been studied for many years. Historically two main views of the fundamentals of feather development may be distinguished. In 1889 Davies published a very full account in which he de­ scr...

The efficiency of a cooling fin of given weight is measured by the amount of heat dissipated per unit time by the fin. It is known that the efficiency of a given fin can be altered by changing the shape of the fin. In this paper we determine the shape of the most efficient fin of given weight and length, and thickness h.

A new species of nemacheilid loach, Triplophysa longliensis, is described from Yudonghe River, a small tributary of Pearl River in Guizhou Province, China. It can be distinguished from other valid Triplophysa loaches by the following combination of characters: body smooth and scaleless; head tapering; lips thin and smooth; posterior chamber of gas bladder highly developed, long, bag-shaped, tip...

Zebrafish fins have a proximal skeleton of endochondral bones and a distal skeleton of dermal bones. Recent experimental and genetic studies are discovering mechanisms to control fin skeleton morphogenesis. Whereas the endochondral skeleton has been extensively studied, the formation of the dermal skeleton requires further revision. The shape of the dermal skeleton of the fin is generated in it...

The median fins in extant actinopterygians are the product of millions of years of evolution. During this time, different developmental patterns for the dorsal and anal fins emerged leading to a high variation in median fin morphology and ontogeny. In this study, the development of anal and dorsal fins in atheriniforms is described and its consequences for the current phylogenetic hypothesis ar...