Introduction: Sexhormones are one of most important factors in difference of learning and memory between tow sexes (male & female). High concentration of estrogen and androgen receptors and mechanism of testosterone and estrogen production in learning and memory center, especially in hippocampus show the role of this receptors, sexhormons and P450 enzymes in spatial memory. Consequently, in thi...

objective(s): parkinson's disease (pd) is a progressive neurological disorder associated with motor disabilities and cognitive dysfunction as well. evidence indicates that pd occurs less frequently in women than men, confirming a role for steroid hormones in protection of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. it is reported that soy genistein, an estrogen agonist phytoestrogen, display neuro...

learning ability and memory duration are two inseparable factors which can increase theefficiency of a living organism during its lifetime. trichgramma brassice bezdenko (hym.:trichogrammatidae) is a biological control agent widely used against different pest species.this research was conducted to study the olfactory associative learning ability and memoryduration of t. brassicae under laborato...

objective: walnut (juglans regia) is a domestic fruit of iran. walnut kernel (wk) has many beneficial constituents such as unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamin e. scientific studies have shown that fatty acids and vitamin e can modulate learning and memory processes. the aim of the present work was to study effects of walnut consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation on...

abstract   introduction: diabetes mellitus accompanies with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills in the human society and experimental animals. considering the beneficial antidiabetic potential of nigella sativum (ns ), this research study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chronic consumption of ns on learning and memory in diabetic rats using passive avoidance and y-maz...

It has been shown that pre-test systemic administration of morphine was able to reverse memory impairment induced by pre- or post-training morphine in an inhibitory avoidance paradigm. Since the recall of the learned information is possible only if the subject is in the same state as during the encoding phase, this kind of learning is known as state-dependent learning. Several drugs have been d...

Background and Aim: The frequent use of opioids changes function and plasticity of neural circuits. Exposing the immature nervous system to opioids can have deeper and more extensive impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of morphine consumption during lactation period on learning and memory of rats offspring. Material and Methods: This experimental study included 40 mal...